Editing Pub (section)

==Architecture==

===Saloon or lounge===
[[File:Eagle City Road London 2005.jpg|thumb|The Eagle, [[City Road]], [[London Borough of Islington|Islington]], London, displaying the nursery rhyme line about the pub's predecessor<ref name=weasel>{{cite web |url=http://www.rhymes.org.uk/a116a-pop-goes-the-weasel.htm |title=Pop Goes the Weasel |website=Nursery Rhymes Lyrics and Origins|access-date= 23 July 2019}}</ref>]]
[[File:The Clock, Birmingham - geograph.org.uk - 1468943.jpg|thumb|The Clock, Birmingham – an example of a [[Tudor Revival architecture|mock Tudor]] pub, now demolished to make way for the expansion of Birmingham Airport]] 
{{See also|Book cafe|Piano bar|Oyster saloon}}

By the end of the 18th century, a new room in the pub was established: the saloon. Beer establishments had always provided entertainment of some sort—singing, gaming or sport. Balls Pond Road in Islington was named after an establishment run by a Mr. Ball that had a [[duck pond]] at the rear, where drinkers could, for a fee, go out and take a potshot at the ducks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Time Gentlemen Please! |url=http://www.ratebeer.com/Beer-News/Article-312.htm |access-date=12 May 2013 |author=SilkTork |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128145136/http://www.ratebeer.com/Beer-News/Article-312.htm |archive-date=28 January 2013 }}</ref> More common, however, was a card room or a [[billiards]] room. The saloon was a room where, for an admission fee or a higher price of drinks, singing, dancing, drama, or comedy was performed and drinks would be served at the table. From this came the popular [[music hall]] form of entertainment—a show consisting of a variety of acts.

A most famous London saloon was the Grecian Saloon in the Eagle, [[City Road]], referenced by name in the 18th-century [[nursery rhyme]]: "Up and down the City Road / In and out the Eagle / That's the way the money goes / [[Pop goes the weasel]]."<ref name=EAG/><ref name=weasel/> This meant that the customer had spent all his money at the Eagle, and needed to [[pawnbroker|pawn]] his "weasel" to get some more.<ref name=EAG>David Kemp (1992) [https://books.google.com/books?id=S7XyMa-n5_YC&pg=PA158 The pleasures and treasures of Britain: a discerning traveller's companion] p.158. Dundurn Press Ltd., 1992</ref> The meaning of the "weasel" is unclear but the two most likely definitions are: a flat iron used for finishing clothing; or [[rhyming slang]] for a coat (''weasel and stoat'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ratebeer.com/Beer-News/Article-312.htm |title=Time Gentlemen Please! |publisher=Ratebeer.com |access-date=26 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220072325/http://ratebeer.com/Beer-News/Article-312.htm |archive-date=20 February 2009 }}</ref>

A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, [[cabaret]] or [[striptease]]; however, [[juke box]]es, [[karaoke]] and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.

===Public bar===
The public bar, or tap room, was where the working class were expected to congregate and drink. It had unfurnished floorboards, sometimes covered with sawdust to absorb the spitting and spillages (known as "spit and sawdust"), bare bench seats and stools. Drinks were generally lower-quality beers and liquors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford dictionaries: spit and sawdust|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/spit-and-sawdust|access-date=30 April 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722150403/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/spit-and-sawdust|archive-date=22 July 2015}}</ref> Public bars were seen as exclusive areas for only men; strictly enforced [[social etiquette]]s barred women from entering public bars (some pubs did not lift this rule until the 1980s).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2012/nov/15/el-vino-women-ban-fleet-street-1982|title=30 years ago: El Vino's treatment of women drinkers ruled unlawful |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|first=Jason|last= Rodrigues|date= 15 November 2012}}</ref> In the Manchester area, the public bar was known as the "vault", other rooms being the lounge and snug as usual elsewhere. The vault was a men-only bar, meant for working men in their dirty working clothes.

This style was in marked contrast to the adjacent saloon or lounge bar which, by the early 20th century, was where male or accompanied female middle-class drinkers would drink. It had carpeted floors, upholstered seats, and a wider selection of better quality drinks that cost a penny or two more than those served in the public bar.

By the mid-20th century, the standard of the public bar had generally improved. Many were built between the world wars as part of the "improved" pub movement and as "roadhouse" inns—with large [[car parks]] to attract passing trade.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Kerley |first=Paul |date=28 August 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34072662 |title=Are these England's most beautiful pubs? |magazine=BBC News Magazine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829022618/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-34072662 |archive-date=29 August 2015}}</ref> Pub patrons only had to choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age: a [[jukebox]] or [[dartboard]]). By the 1970s, divisions between saloons and public bars were being phased out, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition. While the names of saloon and public bar may still be seen on the doors of pubs, the prices (and often the standard of furnishings and decoration) are the same throughout the premises.<ref>Fox, Kate (1996) ''Passport to the Pub: tourist's guide to pub etiquette'' {{cite web |url=http://www.sirc.org/publik/ptpchap1.html |title=SIRC - Passport to the Pub Chapter 1 |access-date=25 February 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510115640/http://www.sirc.org/publik/ptpchap1.html |archive-date=10 May 2010}}</ref> Most present day pubs now comprise one large room, although with the advent of [[gastropub]]s, some establishments have returned to maintaining distinct rooms or areas.

===Snug===
The "snug" was a small private room or area, typically with access to the bar and a frosted glass window above head height. Customers in the snug paid a higher price for beer and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. Not only did wealthy visitors use these rooms, but also patrons who preferred not to be seen in the public bar. Ladies often enjoyed a private drink in the snug in a time when many frowned on women visiting a pub. The local police officer might nip in for a quiet pint, the parish priest for his evening whisky, or lovers for a rendezvous.

The [[Campaign for Real Ale]] (CAMRA) has surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and it believes that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved.<ref name=snug>[http://www.heritagepubs.org.uk/pubs/historic-pub-interior-entry.asp?pubid=11047 Derbyshire – Spondon, Malt Shovel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821213344/http://www.heritagepubs.org.uk/pubs/historic-pub-interior-entry.asp?pubid=11047 |date=21 August 2014 }}, Heritagepubs, CAMRA. Retrieved 27 August 2014.</ref>

===Counter===
[[File:Inside T.P. Smith's Pub, Dublin, Ireland.jpg|thumb|right|T.P. Smith's Pub, Dublin, Ireland]]
The pub took the concept of the bar counter to serve the beer from [[gin palace]]s in the 18th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/Article/2019/03/05/How-did-historic-alehouses-taverns-and-inns-evolve-into-the-pubs-we-see-today|title=How-did-historic-alehouses-taverns-and-inns-evolve-into-the-pubs-we-see-today|first=Phil |last=Mellows|date=5 March 2019|work=morningadvertiser.co.uk}}</ref> Until that time beer establishments used to bring the beer out to the table or benches, as remains the practice in (for example) [[beer garden]]s and some other drinking establishments in Germany.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VJogAQAAIAAJ&q=jug |title=Licensed to sell: the history and heritage of the public house|page=93|author1=Geoffrey K. Brandwood |author2=Andrew Davison |author3=Michael Slaughter |isbn=1-85074-906-X |publisher=English Heritage|year= 2004 |access-date=15 October 2010 }}</ref> A bar might be provided for the manager or publican to do paperwork while keeping an eye on his or her customers, and the term "bar" applied to the publican's office where one was built,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlGFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80|page=80|title=A History of Drink and the English, 1500–2000|first= Paul |last=Jennings|publisher=Routledge|date= 5 February 2016 |isbn=9781317209171}}</ref> but beer would be tapped directly from a cask or barrel on a table, or kept in a separate taproom and brought out in jugs.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.breweryhistory.com/journal/archive/123/Pub.pdf|website=breweryhistory.com|title=The vanishing faces of the traditional pub|first=Geoff |last=Brandwood}}</ref>

When purpose built Victorian pubs were built after the [[Beerhouse Act 1830]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/8287145/The-rise-and-fall-of-the-British-pub.html|title=The rise and fall of the British pub|first=Nick |last=Collins|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=28 January 2011}}</ref> the main room was the public room with a large serving bar copied from the gin houses, the idea being to serve the maximum number of people in the shortest possible time. The other, more private, rooms had no serving bar—they had the beer brought to them from the public bar. A number of pubs in the Midlands or the North still retain this set up, though now customers fetch the drinks themselves from the taproom or public bar. One of these is the Vine, known locally as the Bull and Bladder, in [[Brierley Hill]] near Birmingham, another the Cock at Broom, Bedfordshire a series of small rooms served drinks and food by waiting staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecockatbroom.co.uk/|title=The Cock at Broom – 01767 314411 One of England's Real Heritage Pubs|website=thecockatbroom.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516074244/http://www.thecockatbroom.co.uk/|archive-date=16 May 2015}}</ref> By the early 1970s there was a tendency to change to one large drinking room as breweries were eager to invest in interior design and theming.<ref>Evans, David G., et al. (1975) ''The Manchester Pub Guide, Manchester and Salford City Centres''. Manchester: Manchester Pub Surveys; pp. 1–4</ref>

[[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]], the British engineer and railway builder, introduced the idea of a circular bar into the [[Swindon station]] pub in order that customers were served quickly and did not delay his trains. These island bars became popular as they also allowed staff to serve customers in several different rooms surrounding the bar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ratebeer.com/Story.asp?StoryID=312 |title=Time Gentlemen Please! |publisher=ratebeer.com |access-date=15 October 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206134657/http://www.ratebeer.com/Story.asp?StoryID=312 |archive-date=6 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X9gOXnKxdCoC&q=Brunel++Swindon+station&pg=PA30 |title=West from Paddington |first=Stuart |last=Cole|page=30 |publisher=Etica Press Ltd|year= 2007|isbn= 978-1-905633-05-0 |access-date=15 October 2010 }}</ref>

===Beer engine===
{{Main|Beer engine}}
A "beer engine" is a device for [[pump]]ing beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a [[cask]] or container in a pub's basement or cellar.

The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by [[John Lofting]], a Dutch-born, London-based inventor, manufacturer, and merchant, in the late 1680s or early 1690s. The London Gazette of 17 March 1691 published a patent in favour of John Lofting for a fire engine, but remarked upon and recommended another invention of his, for a beer pump:

<blockquote>
"Whereas their Majesties [i.e., [[William III of England]] and [[Mary II of England]]] have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors which will deliver from 20 to 30 barrels an hour which are completely fixed with Brass Joints and Screws at Reasonable Rates. Any Person that hath occasion for the said Engines may apply themselves to the Patentee at his house near St Thomas Apostle London or to Mr. Nicholas Wall at the Workshoppe near Saddlers Wells at Islington or to Mr. William Tillcar, Turner, his agent at his house in Woodtree next door to the Sun Tavern London."
</blockquote>

A further engine was invented in the late 18th century by the [[locksmith]] and [[hydraulic]] engineer [[Joseph Bramah]] (1748–1814).

Strictly the term refers to the pump itself, which is normally manually operated, though electrically powered and gas powered pumps are occasionally used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.camra.org.uk/page.aspx?o=180651 |title=In the Pub |publisher=CAMRA |access-date=26 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420015224/http://www.camra.org.uk/page.aspx?o=180651 |archive-date=20 April 2011 }}</ref> When manually powered, the term "handpump" is often used to refer to both the pump and the associated handle.