Editing Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (section)

=== Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) ===
The [[lipoic acid|dihydrolipoate]], covalently bound to a lysine residue of the complex, is then transferred to the Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) active site,<ref name=":0" /> where it undergoes a [[Flavin group|flavin]]-mediated oxidation, similar in chemistry to e.g. thioredoxin reductase. First, [[flavin adenine dinucleotide|FAD]] oxidizes dihydrolipoate back to its lipoate (disulfide) resting state, producing FADH<sub>2</sub>. Then, the substrate [[nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide|NAD<sup>+</sup>]] oxidizes FADH<sub>2</sub> back to its FAD resting state, producing NADH and H<sup>+</sup>.