Editing Rod Laver (section)

== Tennis legacy ==

[[File:Bust of Rod Laver at Pat Rafter Arena, Queensland Tennis Centre 2020.jpg|thumb|Bust of Laver at the [[Pat Rafter Arena]], in [[Queensland]].]]
Laver is regarded by many as the greatest tennis player in the history of the sport.{{#tag:ref|See<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Rod Laver – Top 10 Men's Tennis Players of All Time |magazine=Sports Illustrated |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/multimedia/photo_gallery/1009/top.ten.tennis/content.8.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918225840/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/multimedia/photo_gallery/1009/top.ten.tennis/content.8.html |archive-date=18 September 2010 |access-date=10 June 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://msnbc.msn.com/id/14489546 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015195757/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/14489546/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2006 |title=Bud Collins on MSNBC (2006) |publisher=MSNBC |date=28 August 2006 |access-date=6 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110604105813/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/columnists/article452696.ece|title=Navratilova joins Laver and Borg on the shortlist (as voted for by... Navratilova)|website=The Times|location=London|author=Alastair Campbell|url-status=live|archive-date=4 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Bruce Jenkins |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/09/13/SPGGPL4KST1.DTL |title=Bruce Jenkins in San Francisco Chronicle (2006) |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=13 September 2006 |access-date=6 July 2009 |archive-date=9 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809092211/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/09/13/SPGGPL4KST1.DTL |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Miller |first=David |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2007/01/15/stfede15.xml |title=David Miller in Daily Telegraph (2007) |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |date=15 January 2007 |access-date=6 July 2009}}{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="tennisweek.com">{{cite web |author=IMG Media |url=http://www.tennisweek.com/news/fullstory.sps?inewsid=528242#top |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222210410/http://www.tennisweek.com/news/fullstory.sps?inewsid=528242#top |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 February 2021 |title=The Tennis Week Interview: Tony Trabert |publisher=Tennisweek.com |date=30 January 2008 |access-date=6 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Tennis/ATP/2004/08/01/565759.html |title=John Barrett and Peter Burwash (2004) |publisher=Slam.canoe.ca |date=1 August 2004 |access-date=6 July 2009 |archive-date=17 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717171206/http://slam.canoe.ca/Slam/Tennis/ATP/2004/08/01/565759.html |url-status=usurped }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tennisserver.com/lines/lines_00_12_23.html |title=Ray Bowers on Tennis Server (2000) |publisher=Tennisserver.com |date=23 December 2000 |access-date=6 July 2009 |archive-date=5 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005025906/http://www.tennisserver.com/lines/lines_00_12_23.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=IMG Media |url=http://www.tennisweek.com/news/fullstory.sps?inewsid=503656 |title=Raymond Lee: The greatest tennis player of all time. A statistical Analysis, on Tennis week, 14&nbsp;September 2007 |publisher=Tennisweek.com |access-date=6 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628080700/http://www.tennisweek.com/news/fullstory.sps?inewsid=503656 |archive-date=28 June 2009}}</ref>  |group=lower-alpha}} Laver was ranked the world No. 1 amateur in 1961 by Lance Tingay and in 1962 by Tingay and Ned Potter. Laver was the number one professional in some rankings in 1964, in all rankings from 1965 to 1969 and in some rankings in 1970.

[[Jack Kramer]], the long-time tennis promoter, ranked Laver only in the "second echelon" of great players, just behind the six best.<ref>Kramer considered the best player ever to have been either [[Don Budge]] (for consistent play) or [[Ellsworth Vines]] (at the height of his game). The next four best were, chronologically, [[Bill Tilden]], [[Fred Perry]], [[Bobby Riggs]] and [[Pancho Gonzales]]. After these six came the "second echelon" of Laver, [[Lew Hoad]], [[Ken Rosewall]], [[Gottfried von Cramm]], [[Ted Schroeder]], [[Jack Crawford (tennis)|Jack Crawford]], [[Pancho Segura]], [[Frank Sedgman]], [[Tony Trabert]], [[John Newcombe]], [[Arthur Ashe]], [[Stan Smith]], [[Björn Borg]] and [[Jimmy Connors]]. He felt unable to rank [[Henri Cochet]] and [[René Lacoste]] accurately but felt they were among the very best.</ref> He writes that although Laver was "absolutely unbeatable for a year or two late in the 1960s", a "careful comparison" could be made between Laver and the somewhat older Gonzales and that Kramer is "positive that Gonzales could have beaten Laver regularly." Kramer's main argument for downgrading Laver is that, "[[Ken Rosewall]] beat Laver in those two [[WCT Finals#Finals|World Championship of Tennis finals]] and that was a title Laver really wanted." Kramer sees as evidence of Gonzales' superiority over Laver the fact that Gonzales defeated Laver in a five-set match before 15,000 spectators in New York City's [[Madison Square Garden]] in January 1970, when Gonzales was 41 years old and Laver was still considered the World No. 1 player. On the other hand, Gonzales was still a top ten player when this match took place and Laver subsequently won this event, beating Gonzales in a straight-sets semifinal. Overall, his head-to-head-record with Gonzales was either 35–19 or 38–21 in favour of Laver, depending on the source. Laver was 12–5 against Gonzales during the Open Era, although Gonzales was then in his late thirties.<ref>McCauley, Joe (2003). ''The History of Professional Tennis''; {{cite book |author1=Collins, Bud |author2=Laver, Rodney George |title=The Education of a Tennis Player |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York |year=1973 |isbn=0-671-21533-7}}</ref>

In 1975, Don Budge ranked his top five players of all time and rated Laver number five behind Vines, Kramer, Perry and Tilden.<ref>{{cite web|title=The South Bend Tribune, 10 August 1975|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/515677308/|website=newspapers.com|date=10 August 1975|access-date=5 February 2022|archive-date=5 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205231106/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/515677308/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1978, Ellsworth Vines ranked his all-time top 10 in ''Tennis Myth and Method'' and rated Laver number four behind Budge, Kramer and Gonzales.<ref>Tennis Myth and Method, Ellsworth Vines & Gene Vier, 1978, Viking Press, p.6</ref>

In the early years of the 21st century, [[Sidney Wood (tennis)|Sidney Wood]] compiled his list of the Greatest Players of All Time (later published posthumously in a memoir "The Wimbledon final that never was and other tennis tales from a bygone era"). Wood first entered Wimbledon in 1927 and won the title in 1931.  "From that time on, through to the late 1970s (doubles only towards the end), I was privileged to compete against virtually every top player in the world" said Wood. Wood ranked Laver number five, behind Budge, Kramer, Tilden and Gonzales.<ref>{{cite news|title=World Tennis Magazine, December 16, 2011|url=http://www.worldtennismagazine.com/archives/6007|newspaper=World Tennis Magazine|date=16 December 2011|access-date=10 March 2022|archive-date=29 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929023739/http://www.worldtennismagazine.com/archives/6007|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2014, Frank Sedgman, in his autobiography ''Game Sedge and Match'', ranked Laver number three, behind Jack Kramer and Roger Federer, in his list of greatest male tennis players of all time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Frank Sedgman names Jack Kramer and Roger Federer in front of Rod Laver in best-ever list|url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/more-sports/frank-sedgman-names-jack-kramer-and-roger-federer-in-front-of-rod-laver-in-bestever-list/news-story/d6bd63c447737c28cbc1d8830cad04f3|website=heraldsun.com|access-date=10 March 2022|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522204334/https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/more-sports/frank-sedgman-names-jack-kramer-and-roger-federer-in-front-of-rod-laver-in-bestever-list/news-story/d6bd63c447737c28cbc1d8830cad04f3|url-status=live}}</ref>

Many experts disagree with Kramer's assessment of Laver. For example, [[Dan Maskell]], [[John Barrett (tennis)|John Barrett]], [[Butch Buchholz]],<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=The Miami News, 10 March 1988|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/298214058|website=newspapers.com|date=10 March 1988|access-date=12 March 2022|archive-date=10 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310124816/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/298214058/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cliff Drysdale]],<ref name="auto"/> Joe McCauley,{{sfnp|McCauley|2003|p=156|ps=}} [[Ted Schroeder]], and [[Tony Trabert]] rank Laver as the best of all time. Schroeder has been quoted by Alan Trengove as saying, "You take all the criteria – longevity, playing on grass and clay, amateur, professional, his behaviour, his appearance – in all criteria, Laver's the best player of all time." Trabert said in January 2008, "I still maintain that Rod Laver is the best player who ever played the game because he's done something no one has ever done in the 120 or 140-year history of our sport: he won the Grand Slam as an amateur and he won the Grand Slam as a pro. If someone in some other sport held a world record no one else had, you would say that person was the best in that sport. So in my view, you've got to say Laver is the best player of all time."<ref name="tennisweek.com" /> Similarly, the tennis author [[Peter Bodo]] wrote in May 2008, "Give him credit? Shoot, the only real issue is whether the GOAT [Greatest of All Time] argument is a debate at all, given that posting those two Slams puts Laver in a league of his own."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/blog/index?entryID=3382011&name=bodo_peter |title=Laver in a class of his own |publisher=ESPN |access-date=6 July 2009 |archive-date=27 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627021415/http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/blog/index?entryID=3382011&name=bodo_peter |url-status=live }}</ref> Other experts cite the fact that during his amateur, touring professional, and Open Era careers, Laver won a record 184 singles titles. He also holds the record for most titles won in a single year during the amateur era (22 in 1962),{{sfnp|McCauley|2003|p=121|ps=}} during the touring pro era (19 in 1967),{{sfnp|McCauley|2003|p=137|ps=}} and during the Open Era (18 in 1969).<ref>{{cite book |author1=Collins, Bud |author2=Laver, Rodney George |title=The Education of a Tennis Player |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York |year=1973 |pages=308–10 |isbn=0-671-21533-7}}</ref> After turning professional in 1963, Laver won the [[U.S. Pro Tennis Championships]] five times and the [[Professional World Singles Tournament|Wembley Pro Championship]] four times from 1964 to 1967. In 1967, Laver won a "Professional Grand Slam" by winning all four of the major professional tournaments: the US Pro Championships, the Wembley Pro Championships, the [[Professional World Singles Tournament|French Pro Championship]], and the [[Wimbledon Pro]].
[[File:Rod Laver.jpg|thumb|left|Sculpture depicting Rod Laver outside the [[Rod Laver Arena]], Melbourne.]]

In 1983, Fred Perry ranked the greatest male players of all time and put them in to two categories, before World War 2 and after. Perry ranked Laver number one in the post-World War 2 list.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Miami Herald, 25 April 1983|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/624261568|website=newspapers.com|date=25 April 1983|access-date=10 March 2022|archive-date=10 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220310114627/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/624261568/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Laver came out on top in various experts polls for the best of all time. In 1986, the US magazine ''Inside Tennis'' polled 37 experts, which resulted in a computerised tournament. Laver ranked first on this list ahead of [[John McEnroe]], [[Don Budge]], Kramer, [[Björn Borg]], Gonzales, Tilden, [[Jimmy Connors]], [[Fred Perry]], and [[Lew Hoad]]. In a poll by the [[Associated Press]] in 2000, Laver was voted "The Male Tennis Player of the Century", ahead of [[Pete Sampras]], Tilden, Borg, Budge, McEnroe and Hoad (tied), Rosewall and [[Roy Emerson]] (tied), and Kramer. In an article in ''Tennis Week'' in 2007, the tennis historian Raymond Lee statistically analysed the all-time best players. Laver topped his list ahead of Tilden and Borg (tied), [[Roger Federer]], Gonzales, Rosewall, Budge, [[Ivan Lendl]], Connors, Sampras, McEnroe, and Kramer. In 2009 it was written that Rod Laver "is considered by most folks who saw him play and many who've heard of his accomplishments, to be as great a tennis player that ever lived—current players included.". In July 2017, tennis player Roger Federer called Rod Laver the greatest of all time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Roger_Federer/44894/roger-federer-laver-is-the-goat-it-will-be-a-great-wimbledon-/ |title=Roger Federer: 'Laver is the GOAT |date=2 July 2017 |access-date=8 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208182901/http://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Roger_Federer/44894/roger-federer-laver-is-the-goat-it-will-be-a-great-wimbledon-/ |archive-date=8 February 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1989, [[Bud Collins]] wrote, "I remain unconvinced that there ever was a better player than Rod Laver".<ref>{{cite book |author=Collins, Bud |title=My Life With the Pros |url=https://archive.org/details/mylifewithpros00coll_0 |url-access=registration |publisher=E.P. Dutton |location=New York |year=1989 |isbn=0-525-24659-2}}</ref> Thirteen years later, however, as editor of the "Total Tennis, The Ultimate Tennis Encyclopedia", Collins was more guarded. He wrote that Laver would "be known as possibly the greatest player ever", but also said that Gonzales was "probably as good as anyone who ever played the game, if not better"—and called Tilden "perhaps the greatest player of them all".<ref>{{cite book |author=Collins, Bud |title=Total Tennis: The Ultimate Tennis Encyclopedia |publisher=Sport Media Publishing |location=Kingston, New York |year=2003 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/totaltennisultim00coll/page/673 673, 693, 749] |isbn=0-9731443-4-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/totaltennisultim00coll/page/673}}</ref> In an August 2006 article for [[MSNBC]], Collins ranked Laver as one of the five top men's tennis stars of all time, along with Tilden, Gonzales, Borg, and Sampras. He pointed to Tilden's "phenomenal .938 winning percentage", and said "If I had to choose someone to play for my life it would be Pancho Gonzalez", praised Borg's uncanny transition from the French Open to Wimbledon, cited Sampras's "assault on the citadels of the past", and called Laver "in my eyes, the greatest player ever".<ref>The Collins article: http://msnbc.msn.com/id/14489546/ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061015195757/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/14489546/ |date=15 October 2006}}</ref>

In 1973, the ATP's computer rankings were established. Laver attained his highest ranking on that computer of World No. 3 in 1974. Laver's highest year-end ranking by the ATP was World No. 4 in 1974. Laver semi-retired from the main professional tennis tour in 1975 while still being ranked in the top 10. In terms of yearly prize money won, Laver was the leader from 1964 until 1971.<ref>{{cite book |author=Collins, Bud |title=Total Tennis: The Ultimate Tennis Encyclopedia |publisher=Sport Media Publishing |location=Kingston, New York |year=2003 |isbn=0-9731443-4-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/totaltennisultim00coll}}</ref> The number of tournament singles titles that Laver won during his career varies depending on the source. The ATP credits Laver with 72 Open Era titles while "Total Tennis: The Ultimate Tennis Encyclopedia" (edited by Bud Collins), give him 47 or 54 titles during the Open Era. Collins credits him with 184 titles in amateur, professional, and open competition, without listing them in detail.

Laver's eleven Grand Slam singles titles currently place him tied with Borg for sixth place on the all-time list. Among his contemporaries, only Emerson won more Grand Slam singles titles during his career (12 to Laver's 11), though more recently Federer, Nadal, Sampras, and Djokovic have surpassed this number. Laver also won eight Major doubles titles. Laver is the only player to have twice won all four Grand Slam singles tournaments during the same calendar year – the Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2009-06-07-french-open-federer-debate_N.htm |title=Let the debate begin |work=USA Today |date=8 June 2009 |access-date=7 July 2009 |first=Douglas |last=Robson |archive-date=11 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611094903/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/2009-06-07-french-open-federer-debate_N.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Because none of the Majors were played on hardcourts in Laver's era, he never won a Grand Slam tournament on that surface. The tennis landscape today is different as half of the year's Majors are played on hardcourts. Only six players have won Major titles on clay, grass and hardcourts: [[Jimmy Connors]], [[Mats Wilander]], [[Andre Agassi]], [[Roger Federer]], [[Rafael Nadal]] and [[Novak Djokovic]]. Federer, Nadal and Djokovic are the only players in history to have simultaneously held Grand Slam tournament titles on the three surfaces.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

Previous observations change substantially if we also consider professional [[Tennis male players statistics|grand slam majors]], which were played on two different surfaces in the 1963-67 period (grass and wood/parquet), and wherein Laver, like Rosewall, excelled. Furthermore, the ATP Performance Zone website lists his (partial) career win/loss percentage on hardcourt as .813, on carpet as .766, on grass as .827 and on clay as .764.<ref name=atphard>{{cite web |title=ATP Win/Loss Index On Hard |url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/performance-zone/win-loss-index/career/hard/all/ |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP) |access-date=27 January 2016 |archive-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202074003/http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/performance-zone/win-loss-index/career/hard/all/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=atpcarpet>{{cite web |title=ATP Win/Loss Index On Carpet |url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/performance-zone/win-loss-index/career/carpet/all/ |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP) |access-date=27 January 2016 |archive-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202110706/http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/performance-zone/win-loss-index/career/carpet/all/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=atpgrass>{{cite web |title=ATP Win/Loss Index On Grass |url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/performance-zone/win-loss-index/career/grass/all/ |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP) |access-date=27 January 2016 |archive-date=18 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718171858/http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/performance-zone/win-loss-index/career/grass/all |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=atpclay>{{cite web |title=ATP Win/Loss Index On Clay |url=http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/performance-zone/win-loss-index/career/clay/all/ |publisher=[[Association of Tennis Professionals]] (ATP) |access-date=27 January 2016 |archive-date=24 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624080559/http://www.atpworldtour.com/en/performance-zone/win-loss-index/career/clay/all/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Laver was unable to compete in the Grand Slam tournaments during his professional career between 1963 and 1968 and it is argued he would likely have won more titles had he been able to do so.<ref name="NYT2009">{{cite web |author=Dave Anderson |title=The Greatest? Don't Forget Laver's Lost Years |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/31/sports/tennis/31anderson.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=30 August 2009 |access-date=25 February 2017 |archive-date=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204010813/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/31/sports/tennis/31anderson.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sports columnist Malcolm Knox of the [[Sydney Morning Herald]] assesses the effect of Laver's ban on competing in Grand Slams. He states: "..if grand slams are taken as the benchmark, consider this. Laver won 11 of the 16 grand slam titles he contested in his prime. The pro tour put him out of 20 grand slams from age 23 to 28". Based on this he puts Laver and Rosewall in "a class of two".<ref>{{cite web |last=Knox |first=Malcolm |title=The day Rocket Rod Laver almost blew up |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/the-day-rocket-rod-laver-almost-blew-up-20131031-2wm3v.html |date=31 October 2013 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=24 April 2014 |archive-date=10 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910004131/http://www.smh.com.au/sport/the-day-rocket-rod-laver-almost-blew-up-20131031-2wm3v.html |url-status=live }}</ref>