Editing Rogue wave (section)

== Research efforts ==
{{Expand section|Some universities' names are only listed. No information about their research is provided|date=November 2024}}
A number of research programmes are currently underway or have concluded whose focus is/was on rogue waves, including:
* In the course of Project MaxWave, researchers from the GKSS Research Centre, using data collected by [[ESA]] [[satellite]]s, identified a large number of radar signatures that have been portrayed as evidence for rogue waves. Further research is underway to develop better methods of translating the radar echoes into sea surface elevation, but at present this technique is not proven.<ref name="SEASAR 2006">{{cite web
 | date       = April 2006
 | url        = http://earth.esa.int/workshops/seasar2006/proceedings/papers/s1_5_jan.pdf
 | title      = Critical review on potential use of satellite date to find rogue waves
 | website    = European Space Agency SEASAR 2006 proceedings
 | access-date = February 23, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 | date       = 22 July 2004
 | url        = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3917539.stm
 | title      = Freak waves spotted from space
 | work       = [[BBC News Online]]
 | access-date = May 8, 2006}}</ref>
* The Australian National University, working in collaboration with [[Hamburg University of Technology]] and the [[University of Turin]], have been conducting experiments in nonlinear dynamics to try to explain rogue or killer waves. The "Lego Pirate" video has been widely used and quoted to describe what they call "super rogue waves", which their research suggests can be up to five times bigger than the other waves around them.<ref name="MyUser_Phys.org_April_15_2016c">{{cite web
 | url        = http://phys.org/news/2012-04-lego-pirate-survives-super-rogue.html
 | title      = Lego pirate proves, survives, super rogue wave
 | newspaper  = Phys.org
 | access-date = April 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="MyUser_Homelandsecuritynewswire.com_April_15_2016c">{{cite press release
 | url        = http://www.homelandsecuritynewswire.com/dr20120406-lego-pirate-proves-survives-super-rogue-wave
 | title      = Maritime security |newspaper=Homelandsecuritynewswire.com
 | access-date = April 15, 2016}}</ref>
* The [[European Space Agency]] continues to do research into rogue waves by radar satellite.<ref name="MyUser_The_New_York_Times_April_15_2016c">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/11/science/11wave.html?ei=5090&en=d5cdc1cbc2182342&ex=1310270400&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=print&_r=0|title=Rogue Giants at Sea|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 11, 2006|access-date=April 15, 2016|last1=Broad|first1=William J.}}</ref>
* [[United States Naval Research Laboratory]], the science arm of the Navy and Marine Corps published results of their modelling work in 2015.<ref name="MyUser_The_New_York_Times_April_15_2016c" /><ref name="MyUser_Maritime-executive.com_April_15_2016c">{{cite web
 | url        = http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/deadliest-catch
 | title      = Scientists Model Rogue Waves |newspaper=Maritime-executive.com
 | access-date = April 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="MyUser_Thenewstribune.com_April_15_2016c">{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.thenewstribune.com/news/business/article69818917.html
 |title       = Mapping a strategy for rogue monsters of the seas
 |newspaper   = [[The News Tribune]]
 |publisher   = Thenewstribune.com
 |access-date  = April 15, 2016
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160424005636/http://www.thenewstribune.com/news/business/article69818917.html
 |archive-date = April 24, 2016
}}</ref>
* [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)]]'s research in this field is ongoing. Two researchers there partially supported by the Naval Engineering Education Consortium (NEEC) considered the problem of short-term prediction of rare, extreme water waves and developed and published their research on a predictive tool of about 25 wave periods. This tool can give ships and their crews a two to three-minute warning of a potentially catastrophic impact allowing crew some time to shut down essential operations on a ship (or offshore platform). The authors cite landing on an aircraft carrier as a prime example.<ref name="MyUser_Thenewstribune.com_April_15_2016c" /><ref name="MyUser_Cio.com_April_8_2016c">{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.cio.com/article/3038356/a-new-algorithm-from-mit-could-protect-ships-from-rogue-waves-at-sea.html
 |title        = A new algorithm from MIT could protect ships from 'rogue waves' at sea
 |newspaper    = Cio.com
 |date         = 25 February 2016
 |author       = Katherine Noyes
 |access-date  = April 8, 2016
 |archive-date = 1 April 2016
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160401121238/http://www.cio.com/article/3038356/a-new-algorithm-from-mit-could-protect-ships-from-rogue-waves-at-sea.html
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref><ref name="MyUser_Sandlab.mit.edu_April_8_2016c">{{Cite journal
 | url        = http://sandlab.mit.edu/Papers/16_JFM.pdf
 | title      = Reduced-order precursors of rare events in unidirectional nonlinear water waves
 | journal    = Journal of Fluid Mechanics
 | volume     = 790
 | pages      = 368–388
 | date       = 5 January 2016
 | author     = Will Cousins and Themistoklis P. Sapsis
 | access-date = April 8, 2016| doi      = 10.1017/jfm.2016.13
 | bibcode      = 2016JFM...790..368C
 | hdl = 1721.1/101436
 | s2cid = 14763838
 | hdl-access= free
 }}</ref>
* The [[University of Colorado]] and the [[University of Stellenbosch]]<ref name="MyUser_The_New_York_Times_April_15_2016c" /><ref name="MyUser_Education.nationalgeographic.org_April_16_2016c">{{cite web
 |url          = http://education.nationalgeographic.org/news/rogue-waves/
 |title        = Rogue Waves – National Geographic Society
 |newspaper    = Education.nationalgeographic.org
 |date         = 3 December 2012
 |author       = Stuart Thornton
 |access-date  = April 16, 2016
 |archive-date = 13 April 2016
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160413064546/http://education.nationalgeographic.org/news/rogue-waves/
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref>
* [[Kyoto University]]<ref name="MyUser_Oceanwave.jp_April_15_2016c">{{cite web
 | url        = http://www.oceanwave.jp/index.php?Introduction
 | title      = Introduction – Nobuhito Mori
 | newspaper  = Oceanwave.jp
 | access-date = April 15, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Swinburne University of Technology]] in Australia recently published work on the probabilities of rogue waves.<ref name="MyUser_Abc.net_April_15_2016c">{{cite web  | url       = http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2011/10/06/3332878.htm
 | title      = Freak wave probability higher than thought ' News in Science (ABC Science)
 | newspaper  = Abc.net
 | date       =2011-10-05
 | access-date = April 15, 2016}}</ref>
* The [[University of Oxford]] Department of Engineering Science published a comprehensive review of the science of rogue waves in 2014.<ref name="MyUser_Https:_April_15_2016c">{{cite web
 | url        = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/12/151216082200.htm
 | title      = 'Freak' ocean waves hit without warning, new research shows |newspaper=Science Daily
 | access-date = April 15, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Iopscience.iop.org_April_17_2016c">{{Cite journal
 | title      = The physics of anomalous ('rogue') ocean waves
 |journal = Reports on Progress in Physics|volume = 77|issue = 10|pages = 105901| date       = 14 October 2014
 | author     = Thomas A A Adcock and Paul H Taylor
 |doi = 10.1088/0034-4885/77/10/105901|pmid = 25313170|bibcode = 2014RPPh...77j5901A|s2cid = 12737418}}</ref> In 2019, A team from the Universities of Oxford and Edinburgh recreated the Draupner wave in a lab.<ref>{{cite web
 | url        = https://www.sciencealert.com/lab-experiments-recreate-a-devastating-freak-wave-for-the-first-time-and-it-s-beautiful
 | title      = Scientists Recreated a Devastating 'Freak Wave' in The Lab, And It's Weirdly Familiar
 | date       = January 23, 2019
 | author     = Mike McRae
 | access-date= January 25, 2019}}</ref>
* [[University of Western Australia]]<ref name="MyUser_Https:_April_15_2016c" />
* [[Tallinn University of Technology]] in Estonia<ref name="MyUser_Smh.com_April_16_2016c">{{cite web
 | url        = http://www.smh.com.au/national/monster-waves-blamed-for-shipping-disasters-20140811-3dhwk.html
 | title      = Monster waves blamed for shipping disasters
 | newspaper  = Smh.com
 | date       = 11 Aug 2014 
 | author     = Stephen Ornes
 | access-date = April 16, 2016}}</ref>
* ''Extreme Seas Project'' funded by the EU.<ref name="MyUser_Smh.com_April_16_2016c" /><ref name="MyUser_Cordis.europa.eu_April_16_2016c">{{cite web
 | url        = http://cordis.europa.eu/result/rcn/55382_en.html
 | title      = European Commission : CORDIS : Projects & Results Service : Periodic Report Summary – EXTREME SEAS (Design for ship safety in extreme seas)
 | newspaper  = Cordis.europa.eu
 | access-date = April 16, 2016}}</ref>
* At [[Umeå University]] in Sweden, a research group in August 2006 showed that normal [[stochastic]] wind-driven waves can suddenly give rise to monster waves. The nonlinear evolution of the instabilities was investigated by means of direct simulations of the time-dependent system of nonlinear equations.<ref>P. K. Shukla, I. Kourakis, B. Eliasson, M. Marklund and L. Stenflo: "Instability and Evolution of Nonlinearly Interacting Water Waves" [https://arxiv.org/abs/nlin.CD/0608012 nlin.CD/0608012], ''Physical Review Letters'' (2006)</ref>
* The [[Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory]] did research in 2002, which dispelled the long-held contentions that rogue waves were of rare occurrence.<ref name="MyUser_Glerl.noaa.gov_April_16_2016c">{{cite web
 | url        = http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/Task_rpts/2002/ppliu02-3.html
 | title        = Task Report – NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory – Ann Arbor, MI, USA
 | newspaper        = Glerl.noaa.gov
 | access-date        = April 16, 2016
 | archive-date        = October 21, 2018
 | archive-url        = https://web.archive.org/web/20181021104139/https://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/Task_rpts/2002/ppliu02-3.html
 | url-status        = dead
 }}</ref>
* The [[University of Oslo]] has conducted research into crossing sea state and rogue wave probability during the [[Prestige oil spill|Prestige accident]]; nonlinear wind-waves, their modification by tidal currents, and application to Norwegian coastal waters; general analysis of realistic ocean waves; modelling of currents and waves for sea structures and extreme wave events; rapid computations of steep surface waves in three dimensions, and comparison with experiments; and very large internal waves in the ocean.<ref name="MyUser_Mn.uio.no_April_17_2016c">{{cite web
 | url        = http://www.mn.uio.no/math/english/research/groups/mechanics/
 | title      = Mechanics – Department of Mathematics
 | publisher  = University of Oslo, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
 | date       = 27 January 2016
 | access-date = April 17, 2016}}</ref>
* The [[National Oceanography Centre]] in the United Kingdom<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Alex |first1=Cattrell |title=Can Rogue Waves Be Predicted Using Characteristic Wave Parameters? |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |volume=123 |issue=8 |pages=5624–5636 |doi=10.1029/2018JC013958 |year=2018 |bibcode=2018JGRC..123.5624C |s2cid=135333238 |url=http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/520662/1/Paper2018JC013958_acceptall_final.pdf }}</ref>
* [[Scripps Institute of Oceanography]] in the United States<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Barnett|first1=T. P.|last2=Kenyon|first2=K. E.|date=1975|title=Recent advances in the study of wind waves|journal=Reports on Progress in Physics|language=en|volume=38|issue=6|pages=667|doi=10.1088/0034-4885/38/6/001|issn=0034-4885|bibcode=1975RPPh...38..667B|s2cid=250870380 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[Ritmare]] project in Italy.<ref name="Ritmare Project">{{cite web
 | url        =http://www.ritmare.it/en/
 | title      =The RITMARE flagship project
 | access-date = October 11, 2017}}</ref>
* [[University of Copenhagen]] and [[University of Victoria]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Communication |first=SCIENCE |date=2023-11-20 |title=AI finds formula on how to predict monster waves |url=https://science.ku.dk/english/press/news/2023/ai-finds-formula-on-how-to-predict-monster-waves |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=science.ku.dk |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Super Rogue Wave.ogv|thumb|alt=Experimental demonstration of rogue wave generation through nonlinear processes (on a small scale) in a wave tank|Experimental demonstration of rogue wave generation through [[nonlinear]] processes (on a small scale) in a [[wave tank]]]]
[[File:Linear evolution of a Gaussian wave envelop.webm|thumb|The linear part solution of the nonlinear [[Schrödinger equation]] describing the evolution of a complex wave envelope in deep water]]