Editing Sam Sheppard (section)

==Appeals and retrial==
===Appeals===
Sheppard's attorney William Corrigan spent six years making appeals but all were rejected. On July 30, 1961, Corrigan died and [[F. Lee Bailey]] took over as Sheppard's chief counsel. Bailey's petition for a writ of ''[[habeas corpus]]'' was granted on July 15, 1964, by a [[United States district court]] judge who called the 1954 trial a "mockery of justice" that shredded Sheppard's [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendment]] right to due process. The State of [[Ohio]] was ordered to release Sheppard on bond and gave the prosecutor 60 days to bring charges against him, otherwise the case would be dismissed permanently.{{sfn|Neff|2001|pp=226–230}} The State of Ohio appealed the ruling to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals Court for the Sixth Circuit]], which on March 4, 1965, reversed the federal judge's ruling.{{sfn|Neff|2001|p=238}} Bailey appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which agreed to hear the case in ''[[Sheppard v. Maxwell]]''. On June 6, 1966, the Supreme Court, by an 8-to-1 vote, struck down the murder conviction. The decision noted, among other factors, that a "carnival atmosphere" had permeated the trial, and that the trial judge, [[Edward J. Blythin]],<ref name=statement>{{cite web|title=The Media and the Trial |publisher=Providence.edu |url=http://www.providence.edu/polisci/students/sheppard_trial/media.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613195225/http://www.providence.edu/polisci/students/sheppard_trial/media.htm |archive-date=June 13, 2010}}</ref> who had died in 1958, was biased against Sheppard because Blythin had refused to sequester the jury, did not order the jury to ignore and disregard media reports of the case, and when speaking to newspaper columnist [[Dorothy Kilgallen]] shortly before the trial started said, "Well, he's guilty as hell.  There's no question about it."

Sheppard served 10 years of his sentence. Three days after his 1964 release, he married Ariane Tebbenjohanns, a German divorcee who had corresponded with him during his imprisonment. The two had been engaged since January 1963. Tebbenjohanns endured her own bout of controversy shortly after the engagement had been announced, confirming that her half-sister was [[Magda Goebbels|Magda Ritschel]], the wife of [[Nazism|Nazi]] propaganda chief [[Joseph Goebbels]]. Tebbenjohanns emphasized that she held no Nazi views. On October 7, 1969, Sheppard and Tebbenjohanns divorced.<ref>[http://www.courttv.com/archive/trials/sheppard/timeline_ctv.html Court TV Online – Sheppard]  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514003333/http://www.courttv.com/archive/trials/sheppard/timeline_ctv.html |date=May 14, 2006 }}</ref>

=== Retrial ===
Jury selection began October 24, 1966, and opening statements began eight days later. Media interest in the trial remained high, but this jury was [[Jury sequestration|sequestered]]. The prosecutor presented essentially the same case as was presented twelve years earlier. Bailey aggressively sought to discredit each prosecution witness during cross-examination. When Coroner Samuel Gerber testified about a murder weapon that he described as a "surgical weapon", Bailey led Gerber to admit that they never found a murder weapon<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.famous-trials.com/sam-sheppard/2-sheppard |title=Dr. Sam Sheppard Trials: An Account |last=Linder |first=Professor Douglas O. |date=2017 |website=Famous Trials – UKMC School of Law |language=en-GB |access-date=December 16, 2017}}</ref> and had nothing to tie Sheppard to the murder. In his closing argument, Bailey scathingly dismissed the prosecution's case against Sheppard as "ten pounds of hogwash in a five-pound bag".

Unlike the original trial, neither Sheppard nor Susan Hayes took the stand, a strategy that proved to be successful.<ref name=":0" /> After deliberating for 12 hours, the jury returned on November 16 with a "not guilty" verdict. The trial was important to Bailey's rise to prominence among American criminal defense lawyers. It was during this trial that [[Paul L. Kirk|Paul Kirk]] presented the putative{{efn|Recent studies cast significant doubt on the accuracy of blood spatter analysis.}} [[bloodstain pattern analysis|blood spatter evidence]] he collected in Sheppard's home in 1955. Kirk used the blood evidence to suggest that the murderer was left-handed, unlike Sheppard, which proved crucial to his acquittal.<ref name=":0" />

Three weeks after the trial, Sheppard appeared as a guest on the December 7 episode of ''[[The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson]]''.<ref>{{cite news  |title=Television Program Schedule of Area |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/163117845/ |access-date=April 22, 2021 |work=The News Journal |via=Newspapers.com |date=December 7, 1966 |location=Wilmington, Delaware |page=28 |language=en}}</ref>

After his acquittal, Sheppard worked with [[ghostwriter]] Bill Levy<!-- Note: this is Cleveland-based writer William V. Levy (~1931–2020) (probably not sufficiently notable to warrant an article); not the Amsterdam-based American writer [[William Levy (author)]] (1939–2019). Do not wikilink. --><ref>{{cite web |title=Bill Levy Career |url=https://www.naturalstoneinstitute.org/about/bill-levy-career/ |website=Natural Stone Institute |access-date=April 22, 2021}}</ref> to write the book ''Endure and Conquer'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sheppard |first1=Sam |title=Endure and Conquer |date=1966 |publisher=World Publishing Company |location=Cleveland |oclc=249908 |language=English}}</ref> which presented his side of the case and discussed his years in prison. Levy felt conflicted about collaborating with Sheppard because of his belief that Sheppard had committed the crime.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Barnett |first1=David C. |title=The Enduring Fascination of the Sam Sheppard Case |url=https://www.ideastream.org/news/the-enduring-fascination-of-the-sam-sheppard-case |website=Ideastream |access-date=April 22, 2021 |language=en |date=July 4, 2014}}</ref>