Editing Short-time Fourier transform (section)

== Rayleigh frequency ==
As the [[Nyquist frequency]] is a limitation in the maximum frequency that can be meaningfully analysed, so is the Rayleigh frequency a limitation on the minimum frequency.

The Rayleigh frequency is the minimum frequency that can be resolved by a finite duration time window.<ref>{{cite journal
 | last1 = Kleinfeld | first1 = David
 | last2 = Mitra | first2 = Partha P.
 | date = March 2014
 | doi = 10.1101/pdb.top081075
 | issue = 3
 | journal = Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
 | title = Spectral methods for functional brain imaging
 | url = https://scholar.archive.org/work/ofowcbyne5gdpbtmogxvpdp5au
 | volume = 2014| pages = 248–262
 | pmid = 24591695
 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://fieldtrip.fcdonders.nl/faq/what_does_padding_not_sufficient_for_requested_frequency_resolution_mean |title = What does "padding not sufficient for requested frequency resolution" mean? – FieldTrip toolbox}}</ref>

Given a time window that is Τ seconds long, the minimum frequency that can be resolved is 1/Τ&nbsp;Hz.

The Rayleigh frequency is an important consideration in applications of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), as well as any other method of harmonic analysis on a signal of finite record-length.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 2441488 | pmid=18293071 | doi=10.1007/s10827-007-0066-2 | volume=25 | issue=1 | title=Biased competition through variations in amplitude of gamma-oscillations | year=2008 | journal=J Comput Neurosci | pages=89–107 |vauthors=Zeitler M, Fries P, Gielen S }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wingerden|first1=Marijn van|last2=Vinck|first2=Martin|last3=Lankelma|first3=Jan|author4-link=Cyriel Pennartz|last4=Pennartz|first4=Cyriel M. A.|date=2010-05-19|title=Theta-Band Phase Locking of Orbitofrontal Neurons during Reward Expectancy|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|language=en|volume=30|issue=20|pages=7078–7087|doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3860-09.2010|issn=0270-6474|pmid=20484650|pmc=6632657}}</ref>