Editing Small and medium enterprises (section)

=== Asia ===
SMEs account for nearly 90% of all company entities in developing Asian countries and are the principal private sector employers, supplying 50-80% of all jobs.<ref name="SME credit constraints in Asia’s ri">{{cite journal |last1=Nguyen |first1=Lan Thanh |last2=Su |first2=Jen-Je |last3=Sharma |first3=Parmendra |title=SME credit constraints in Asia's rising economic star: fresh empirical evidence from Vietnam |journal=Applied Economics |date=21 June 2019 |volume=51 |issue=29 |pages=3170–3183 |doi=10.1080/00036846.2019.1569196 |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2019.1569196 |issn=0003-6846|hdl=10072/384003 |s2cid=159158687 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

SMEs cover 97-99% of all firms in [[South-east Asia]], contributing considerably to each country's GDP—for example, 46% in Singapore, 57% in Indonesia, and over 40% in other nations.<ref name="SME credit constraints in Asia’s ri"/>

==== Bangladesh ====

In [[Bangladesh]], [[Bangladesh Bank]] defines Small and medium enterprises based on [[fixed asset]]s, employed manpower and yearly turn over, and they are definitely not Public Limited Co.{{Clarify|date=July 2022}} and requires these characteristics:

Key: SE = Small enterprises; ME = Medium enterprises; N/A  = Not Applicable; Tk lakhs= × 100,000 Bangladeshi takas
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan=2|Serial No
!rowspan=2|Sector
!colspan=2|Fixed assets other than<br>land and buildings<br> (Tk lakhs) 
!colspan=2|Employed manpower
!colspan=2|Yearly Turnover<br>(Tk lakhs)
|-
!SE!!ME!!SE!!ME!!SE!!ME
|-
|01
|Services
|10 – 200||200 – 3000
|16–50 ||51–120
|colspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|N/A
|-
|02
|Business
|10 – 200 ||
|16–50 ||
|100–1200
|-
|03
|Industrial
|75 – 1500||1500 – 5000
|31–120||121–300
|colspan=2 style="text-align:center;"|N/A
|}

====Hong Kong====
[[Hong Kong]] defines Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as any manufacturing business that employs less than 100 people or any non-manufacturing business that employs less than 50 people.<ref name="hkSUCCESS">{{cite web|url=https://www.success.tid.gov.hk/english/aboutus/sme/service_detail_6863.html|title=Small and medium enterprises (SME)|publisher=Support and Consultation Centre for SMEs, [[Trade and Industry Department|Trade and Industry Department (Hong Kong)]]|date=2022-07-20|access-date=2022-08-27}}</ref>

98% of business establishments in Hong Kong are defined as SMEs and employed 45% of the work force.<ref name="hkSUCCESS" /><ref name="SMEs">{{cite web|url=https://www.tid.gov.hk/english/smes_industry/smes/smes_content.html|title=Support to Small and Medium Enterprises|date=2022-08-02|access-date=2022-08-27|publisher=[[Trade and Industry Department|Trade and Industry Department (Hong Kong)]]}}</ref>

==== India ====
[[India]] defines Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises based on dual criteria of investment and turnover.
This definition is provided in Section 7 of [[Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006|Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises Development  Act, 2006]] (MSMED Act) and was notified in September 2006. The Act provides for the classification of enterprises based on their investment size and the nature of the activity undertaken by that enterprise. As per MSMED Act, enterprises are classified into two categories - manufacturing enterprises and service enterprises. For each of these categories, a definition is given to explain what constitutes a micro-enterprise or a small enterprise or a medium enterprise. If an enterprise does not fall under the above categories, it would be considered a large-scale enterprise.

April 1, 2025, India updated the definition as follows: [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2118292]
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sr No
!Classification
!Criteria (in '''[[Indian rupee|₹]])'''
|-
|1
|Micro Enterprises
|Investment <= 2.5 CR and Turnover <= 10 CR
|-
|2
|Small Enterprises
|Investment <= 25 CR and Turnover <= 100 CR
|-
|3
|Medium Enterprises
|Investment <= 125 CR and Turnover <= 500 CR
|}

Businesses that are declared as MSMEs and within specific sectors and criteria can then apply for "priority sector" lending for help with business expenses; banks have annual targets set by the Prime Minister's Task Force on MSMEs for year-on-year increases of lending to various categories of MSMEs.<ref name="MSMED-RBI">{{cite web|title=Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises|url=http://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/English/scripts/FAQs.aspx?Id=966|publisher=Reserve Bank of India|access-date=9 May 2015}}</ref> MSME is considered a key contributor to India's growth and contributes 48% to [[Foreign trade of India|India's total export]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

In India, businesses need to apply for Udyam Registration with the government to avail the benefits of MSME.

==== Indonesia ====
In [[Indonesia]], the government defines micro, small, and medium enterprises ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: ''usaha mikro kecil menengah'', UMKM) based on their assets and revenues according to Law No. 20/2008:<ref>{{cite web|title=Indonesian Government Law No. 20 of 2008|url=http://eng.kppu.go.id/newkppu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/LAW-OF-THE-REPUBLIC-OF-INDONESIA-20-OF-2008.pdf|publisher=Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition|access-date=2 November 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Type !! Maximum assets<br>[[Indonesian Rupiah|Rp]] millions!! Gross Revenue<br>Rp millions!!Number of Employees<br>[[Statistics Indonesia]]
|-
| Micro || <50 || <300 || 1-4
|-
| Small || 50-500 || 300-2,500 || 5-9
|-
| Medium || 500-10,000 || 2,500-50,000 || 20-99
|-
| Large || >10,000 || >50,000 || >99
|}

An annual revenue of Rp 50 billion is approximately equal to US$3.1 million as of April 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=1 USD To IDR Convert United States Dollar To Indonesian Rupiah |url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/money-transfer/currency-converter/usd-idr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240414163427/https://www.forbes.com/advisor/money-transfer/currency-converter/usd-idr/ |archive-date=2024-04-14 |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=2024-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jiao |first1=Claire |last2=Kim |first2=Hooyeon |last3=Makol |first3=Malavika Kaur |date=2024-04-01 |title=Rupiah at Four-Year Low Triggers Intervention, Rate Hike Talk |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-02/rupiah-dips-to-four-year-low-on-bond-outflows-dollar-strength |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=2024-04-14 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Despite their significant contribution to GDP and job creation, Indonesian MSMEs confront a number of obstacles. One of the most significant is capital access: 60-70 percent of MSMEs lack access to financial institutions and their funding options. Other restrictions include inadequate infrastructure, difficulties acquiring company licences and permissions, high tax rates, political insecurity, and improving their brand image in the digital era.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Torm |first1=Nina |title=To what extent is social security spending associated with enhanced firm-level performance? A case study of SMEs in Indonesia |journal=International Labour Review |date=September 2020 |volume=159 |issue=3 |pages=339–366 |doi=10.1111/ilr.12155 |s2cid=214429710 |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/ilr.12155 |language=en |issn=0020-7780|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

21st-century businesses strategically use both their [[website]]s and [[social media]] in order to advertise their products and control their [[brand]]ing. Quality content on both information streams will positively affect branding and attract customers.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Suryani |first1=Tatik |last2=Fauzi |first2=Abu Amar |last3=Nurhadi |first3=Mochamad |title=Enhancing Brand Image in the Digital Era: Evidence from Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia |journal=Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business |date=14 August 2021 |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=314–340 |doi=10.22146/gamaijb.51886 |language=en |eissn=2338-7238 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The People's Business Credit (Kredit Usaha Rakyat, or KUR [[:id:Kredit Usaha Rakyat|[''id'']]]) was established in 2007 by [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono|President Yudhoyono]] to extend credit to businesses that were considered "feasible but not bankable". [[Bank Rakyat Indonesia]] conducts more than half of KUR lending nationwide.<ref>{{Cite report |title=The World's Best-Kept Financial Inclusion Secret Revealed: The Untold Success Story of BRI Microbanking Since 1895 |date=2022-11-18 |url=https://ash.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/bri_microbanking_paper.pdf |last=Rosengard |first=Jay K. |access-date=2024-04-14 |publisher=Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation |page=21}}</ref> In [[Jakarta]], the capital city of Indonesia, 529 MSMEs with the potential to be funded have been identified by [[Bank Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Database UMKM |url=https://www.bi.go.id/id/umkm/database/umkm-layak-dibiayai.aspx |website=www.bi.go.id}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Economy Sector !! Number of Companies 
|-
| Processing Industry || 151
|-
| Health Services and Social Activities || 1
|-
| Rental leasing services without option rights, employment, travel agents and other business support ||9
|-
| Professional, Scientific And Technical Services || 11
|-
| Other Service Activities || 21
|-
| Arts, Entertainment And Recreation || 1
|-
| Construction || 2
|-
| Water Procurement, Waste Management And Recycling, Waste And Garbage Disposal And Cleaning || 1
|-
| Provision of Accommodation and Provision of Food and Drink || 80
|-
| Wholesale and retail trade of car and motorcycle repair and maintenance || 236
|-
| Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries || 16
|}

==== Philippines ====

According to the [[Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)|Department of Trade and Industry]]'s 2020 List of Establishments report, there are 957,620 registered business enterprises operating in the country, composed of 99.51% MSMEs and 0.49% large firms. The MSMEs consist of 88.77% microenterprises, 10.25% small enterprises, and 0.49% medium enterprises. Among the top industry sectors include (1) wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles (445,386); (2) accommodation and food service activities (134,046); (3) manufacturing (110,916); (4) other service activities (62,376); and (5) financial and insurance activities (45,558) which accounted for about 83.77% of the total number of MSME establishments. Prior to the pandemic, MSMEs generated more than 5.38 million jobs or 62.66% of the country's total employment with a 29.38% share from micro-enterprises followed by 25.78% and 7.50% for small and medium enterprises.<ref name=":1" />

==== Singapore ====

With effect from 1 April 2011, the definition of SMEs is businesses with annual sales turnover of not more than $100 million or employing no more than 200 staff.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fact Sheet on New SME Definition|url=https://www.spring.gov.sg/NewsEvents/PR/Documents/Fact_Sheet_on_New_SME_Definition.pdf}}</ref>