Editing Social model of disability (section)

==Law and public policy==
In the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Disability Discrimination Act 1995]] defines disability using the medical model – disabled people are defined as people with certain conditions or limitations on their ability to carry out "normal day-to-day activities." But the requirement of employers and service providers to make "reasonable adjustments" to their policies or practices, or physical aspects of their premises, follows the social model.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/DisabledPeople/RightsAndObligations/DisabilityRights/DG_4001068 |title=Definition of disability under the Equality Act 2010 - GOV.UK |publisher=Direct.gov.uk |date=2012-10-22 |access-date=2012-11-10 |archive-date=15 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015094714/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/DisabledPeople/RightsAndObligations/DisabilityRights/DG_4001068 |url-status=live }}</ref> By making adjustments, employers and service providers are removing the barriers that disable, according to the social model. In 2006, amendments to the act called for local authorities and others to actively promote disability equality; this was enforced via the formation of the Disability Equality Duty in December 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dotheduty.org/ |title=コアサーバーdotheduty.org |website=Dotheduty.org |access-date=2016-01-14 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203174409/http://dotheduty.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2010, the [[Disability Discrimination Act 1995]] was amalgamated into the [[Equality Act 2010]], along with other pertinent discrimination legislation. The Equality Act 2010 extends the law on discrimination to indirect discrimination. For example, if a carer of a disabled person is discriminated against, this is now also unlawful.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.equalities.gov.uk/equality_act_2010.aspx |title=Home Office |publisher=Equalities |access-date=2012-11-10 |archive-date=12 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712182650/http://www.equalities.gov.uk/equality_act_2010.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Since October 2010, when it came into effect, employers may not legally ask questions about illness or disability at interviews for a job or for a referee to comment on such in a reference, except where there is a need to make reasonable adjustments for an interview to proceed. Following an offer of a job, an employer can lawfully ask such questions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thebottomlineonline.co.uk/pages/fullarticle.asp?id=222 |title=Previous Issues of The Bottom Line Online |publisher=Thebottomlineonline.co.uk |access-date=2012-11-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320201637/http://www.thebottomlineonline.co.uk/pages/fullarticle.asp?id=222 |archive-date=20 March 2012}}</ref>

In the [[United States]], the [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990]] (ADA), is a wide-ranging [[civil rights]] law that prohibits discrimination based on disability in a wide range of settings.<ref>{{cite web|title=AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990, AS AMENDED|url=http://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.pdf|access-date=2016-01-14|website=Ada.gov|archive-date=12 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112043524/https://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ADA was the first civil rights law of its kind in the world and affords protections against discrimination to disabled Americans. The law was modeled after the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], which made discrimination based on [[Race (classification of human beings)|race]], [[religion]], [[sex]], national origin, and other characteristics illegal. It requires that mass transportation, commercial buildings, and public accommodations be accessible to disabled people.

In 2007, the [[European Court of Justice]] in the ''[[Chacón Navas v Eurest Colectividades SA]]'' court case, defined disability narrowly according to a [[medical model of disability|medical definition]] that excluded temporary illness, when considering the [[Directive establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation]] (Council Directive 2000/78/EC). The directive did not provide for any definition of disability, despite discourse in policy documents previously in the EU about endorsing the social model of disability. This allowed the Court of Justice to take a narrow medical definition.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}