Editing Soukous (section)

==Ndombolo==
{{main|Ndombolo}}

By the late 1990s, musicians such as Radja Kula, [[Wenge Musica]], [[Koffi Olomide|Koffi Olomidé]], [[Defao|Général Defao]], and [[Extra Musica]] metamorphosed soukous into raunchy, frenetic hip-swinging dance music, renaming it ''[[ndombolo]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngaira |first=Amos |date=22 August 2020 |title=Dancing styles innovator Radja Kula Mbuta takes last bow |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/culture/dancing-styles-innovator-radja-kula-mbuta-takes-last-bow-1923740 |access-date=13 January 2024 |website=Nation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mafuta |first=Masand |date=5 September 2020 |title=Kinshasa: Gentiny Ngobila s'engage mordicus pour l'organisation des obsèques de Radja Kula |trans-title=Kinshasa: Gentiny Ngobila is committed to organizing the funeral of Radja Kula |url=https://axenordsudmedia.com/2020/09/05/kinshasa-gentiny-ngobila-sengage-mordicus-pour-lorganisation-des-obseques-de-radja-kula/ |access-date=13 January 2024 |website=AxeNordSud Media |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite book |last1=George |first1=Nelson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtBj4psmJlcC&dq=ndombolo+dance+music&pg=PA129 |title=Best Music Writing 2008 |last2=Carr |first2=Daphne |date=20 October 2008 |publisher=Hachette Books |isbn=978-0-7867-2612-7 |location=New York City, New York State, United States |page=129}}</ref><ref name=":162"/><ref name="Makumeno">{{Cite web |last=Makumeno |first=Emery |date=1 July 2022 |title=Musique : qu'est-ce que le clan Wenge, pionnier de la danse Ndombolo ? |url=https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/c84xqw9ppk1o |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=BBC News Afrique |language=fr}}</ref> This style surged in popularity across Africa and into the continent's diaspora in Belgium, France, the UK, Germany, Canada, and the United States.<ref name=":43">{{Cite book |last1=George |first1=Nelson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtBj4psmJlcC&dq=ndombolo+dance+music&pg=PA129 |title=Best Music Writing 2008 |last2=Carr |first2=Daphne |date=20 October 2008 |publisher=Hachette Books |isbn=978-0-7867-2612-7 |location=New York City, New York State, United States |page=129}}</ref><ref name=":162">{{Cite book |last=Buettner |first=Elizabeth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4QjPDAAAQBAJ&dq=many+congolese+move+to+europe+in+1990s&pg=PA313 |title=Europe after Empire: Decolonization, Society, and Culture |date=24 March 2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-59470-4 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |page=313}}</ref><ref name="Makumeno"/> However, by the early 2000s, ndombolo faced scrutiny, with accusations of [[obscenity]] leading to attempts to prohibit it from state media in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, [[Cameroon]], [[Senegal]], [[Mali]], and [[Kenya]].<ref name="ndb1">"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/851033.stm Anger at Cameroon dance ban; BBC News]", ''BBC News'', July 25, 2000</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite book |last1=Falola |first1=Toyin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOTNEAAAQBAJ&dq=ndombolo+POPULAR&pg=PT419 |title=Africa [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society [3 volumes] |last2=Jean-Jacques |first2=Daniel |date=14 December 2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=979-8-216-04273-0 |location=New York City, New York State, United States}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Trillo |first=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=99x5ea1Gq-cC&dq=ndombolo+ban+in+kenya&pg=PA301 |title=Kenya |date=2002 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-85828-859-8 |location=London, England, United Kingdom |pages=301 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":82">{{Cite news |last=Nzale |first=Félix |date=3 February 2004 |title=Sénégal: Ndombolo, mapuka : ces danses jugées indésirables |trans-title=Senegal: Ndombolo, mapuka: these dances considered undesirable |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200402030685.html |access-date=10 November 2023 |work=Sudquotidien.sn |language=fr}}</ref> In February 2005, ndombolo music videos in the Democratic Republic of the Congo underwent censorship for indecency, which resulted in the banning of videos by Koffi Olomidé, JB Mpiana, and [[Werrason]] from airwaves.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutara |first=Eugene |date=29 April 2008 |title=Rwanda: Memories Through Congolese Music |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200804290721.html |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=Newtimes.co.rw}}</ref> Despite the censure, ndombolo record sales surged, remaining popular with new releases dominating discos, bars, and clubs across Africa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Woods |first=Sarah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4t2xDgAAQBAJ&dq=ndombolo+banned+in+cameroon&pg=PT246 |title=The 50 Greatest Musical Places |date=6 July 2017 |publisher=Icon Books |isbn=978-1-78578-190-2 |location=North Road, London, United Kingdom}}</ref>