Editing Stellar population (section)

==References==
{{reflist |refs=

<ref name=Astronomy-2017-06-17-ESO>
{{cite magazine
 |title=Best observational evidence of first-generation stars in the universe
 |magazine=[[Astronomy Magazine]]
 |date=17 June 2015
 |collaboration=[[European Southern Observatory]] (ESO) 
 |url=http://www.astronomy.com/news/2015/06/the-very-large-telescope-discovers-brightest-distant-galaxy-and-signs-of-population-iii-stars
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Baade-1944>
{{cite journal
 |first=W. |last=Baade |author-link=Walter Baade
 |year=1944
 |title=The resolution of Messier&nbsp;32, NGC&nbsp;205, and the central region of the Andromeda nebula
 |journal=Astrophysical Journal
 |volume=100  |pages=137–146
 |doi=10.1086/144650  |bibcode=1944ApJ...100..137B
 |quote=The two types of stellar populations had been recognized among the stars of our own galaxy by Oort as early as 1926.
|doi-access=free
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Bromm>
{{cite journal
 |first1=V.   |last1=Bromm
 |first2=N.   |last2=Yoshida
 |first3=L.   |last3=Hernquist
 |first4=C.F. |last4=McKee
 |year=2009
 |title=The formation of the first stars and galaxies
 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
 |volume=459 |issue=7243 |pages=49–54
 |bibcode=2009Natur.459...49B |doi=10.1038/nature07990
 |pmid=19424148 |arxiv=0905.0929
|s2cid=10258026
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Byant-2005>{{cite web
 |first=Lauren J.
 |last=Bryant
 |title=What makes stars tick
 |series=Research & Creative Activity
 |volume=27
 |issue=1
 |publisher=[[Indiana University]]
 |url=http://www.indiana.edu/~rcapub/v27n1/tick.shtml
 |access-date=September 7, 2005
 |archive-date=May 16, 2016
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516085737/http://www.indiana.edu/~rcapub/v27n1/tick.shtml
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>

<ref name=Buchhave-etal-2012>
{{cite journal
 | last1 = Buchhave | first1 = L.A.
 | display-authors = etal
 | year = 2012
 | title = An abundance of small exoplanets around stars with a wide range of metallicities
 | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
 | volume = 486 | issue = 7403 | pages = 375–377
 |bibcode = 2012Natur.486..375B | pmid=22722196
 | doi = 10.1038/nature11121
| s2cid = 4427321
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Carr-essay>
{{cite web
 |last=Carr  |first=Bernard J.
 |title=Cosmology, Population&nbsp;III
 |publisher=[[California Institute of Technology]]
 |url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/ESSAYS/Carr/carr.html
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Cyburt-etal-2016>
{{cite journal
 |first1=Richard H. |last1=Cyburt 
 |first2=Brian D.   |last2=Fields 
 |first3=Keith A.   |last3=Olive 
 |first4=Tsung-Han  |last4=Yeh 
 |year=2016
 |title=Big bang nucleosynthesis: Present status
 |journal=[[Reviews of Modern Physics]]
 |volume=88  |issue=1  |page=015004
 |arxiv=1505.01076  |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.88.015004
 |bibcode=2016RvMP...88a5004C
|s2cid=118409603 
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Dutta-etal-2017>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Dutta  |first1=J.     |last2=Sur   |first2=S.
 |last3=Stacy  |first3=A.     |last4=Bagla |first4=J.S.
 |year=2020
 |title=Modeling the Survival of Population III Stars to the Present Day 
 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=901 |issue=1 |page=16 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/abadf8 |arxiv=1712.06912 |bibcode=2020ApJ...901...16D |s2cid=209386374 |doi-access=free }}
</ref>

<ref name=Fosbury-etal-2003>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Fosbury  |first1=R.A.E.
 |display-authors=etal
 |year=2003
 |title=Massive star formation in a gravitationally lensed H&nbsp;II galaxy at ''z''&nbsp;=&nbsp;3.357
 |journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]]
 |volume=596  |issue=1  |pages=797–809
 |doi=10.1086/378228 | bibcode=2003ApJ...596..797F
 |arxiv=astro-ph/0307162
|s2cid=17808828
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Gibson-etal-2013>{{cite journal
 |first1       = B.K.
 |last1        = Gibson
 |first2       = Y.
 |last2        = Fenner
 |first3       = A.
 |last3        = Renda
 |first4       = D.
 |last4        = Kawata
 |first5       = L.
 |last5        = Hyun-chul
 |year         = 2013
 |title        = Review: Galactic chemical evolution
 |journal      = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
 |volume       = 20
 |issue        = 4
 |pages        = 401–415
 |publisher    = CSIRO publishing
 |doi          = 10.1071/AS03052
 |bibcode      = 2003PASA...20..401G
 |arxiv        = astro-ph/0312255
 |s2cid        = 12253299
 |url          = http://astro.wsu.edu/hclee/pasa_review_GCE.pdf
 |access-date  = 17 April 2018
 |archive-date = 20 January 2021
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20210120224726/http://astro.wsu.edu/hclee/pasa_review_GCE.pdf
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref>

<ref name=Heger-Woosley-2002>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Heger   |first1=A.
 |last2=Woosley |first2=S.E.
 |year=2002
 |title=The nucleosynthetic signature of Population&nbsp;III
 |journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]]
 |volume=567  |issue=1  |pages=532–543
 |bibcode=2002ApJ...567..532H  |doi=10.1086/338487
 |arxiv=astro-ph/0107037
|s2cid=16050642
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=JW_PIII>
{{cite journal
 |first1=C.-E. |last1=Rydberg
 |first2=E.    |last2=Zackrisson
 |first3=P.    |last3=Lundqvist
 |first4=P.    |last4=Scott
 |title=Detection of isolated population&nbsp;III stars with the James Webb Space Telescope
 |date=March 2013
 |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
 |volume=429  |issue=4  |pages=3658–3664
 | bibcode=2013MNRAS.429.3658R |doi=10.1093/mnras/sts653
 |doi-access=free
 |arxiv=1206.0007
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Kerins-1997>
{{cite journal
 |last=Kerins  |first=E.J.
 |year=1997
 |title=Zero-metallicity very low mass stars as halo dark matter
 |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]]
 |volume=322  |page=709
 |arxiv=astro-ph/9610070 |bibcode=1997A&A...322..709K
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Kunth-Östlin-2000>
{{cite journal
 |first1=Daniel |last1=Kunth
 |first2=Göran  |last2=Östlin
 |name-list-style=amp
 |title=The most metal-poor galaxies
 |year=2000
 |journal=[[The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review]]
 |volume=10  |issue=1  |pages=1–79
 |doi=10.1007/s001590000005
 |arxiv=astro-ph/9911094
 |bibcode=2000A&ARv..10....1K
 |s2cid=15487742
 |url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Kunth/Kunth1.html
 |access-date=3 January 2022
 |via=caltech.edu
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Lineweaver-2000>
{{cite journal
 | first=Charles H.  | last=Lineweaver
 | year=2000
 | title=An estimate of the age distribution of terrestrial planets in the universe: Quantifying metallicity as a selection effect
 | journal=Icarus
 | volume=151 | issue=2 | pages=307–313
 | doi=10.1006/icar.2001.6607
 | arxiv=astro-ph/0012399 | bibcode = 2001Icar..151..307L
| s2cid=14077895
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=NYT-2015-06-17>
{{cite news
 |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye
 |date=17 June 2015
 |title=Astronomers report finding earliest stars that enriched the cosmos
 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]
 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/18/science/space/astronomers-report-finding-earliest-stars-that-enriched-cosmos.html
 |access-date=17 June 2015
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Ohkubo-etal-2009>
{{Cite journal
 |last1=Ohkubo  |first1=Takuya       |last2=Nomoto  |first2=Ken'ichi
 |last3=Umeda   |first3=Hideyuki     |last4=Yoshida |first4=Naoki
 |last5=Tsuruta |first5=Sachiko
 |date=2009-12-01
 |title=Evolution of very massive Population&nbsp;III stars with mass accretion from pre-main sequence to collapse
 |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]
 |volume=706  |issue=2  |pages=1184–1193
 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/706/2/1184 |arxiv=0902.4573 |bibcode=2009ApJ...706.1184O |doi-access=free   |issn=0004-637X
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Puzia-etal-2006>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Puzia          |first1=Thomas H.
 |last2=Kissler-Patig  |first2=Markus
 |last3=Goudfrooij     |first3=Paul
 |year=2006
 |title=Extremely α-enriched globular clusters in early-type galaxies: A step toward the dawn of stellar populations?
 |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]
 |volume=648  |issue=1  |pages=383–388
 |doi=10.1086/505679  |bibcode=2006ApJ...648..383P
 |arxiv=astro-ph/0605210
|s2cid=9815509
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Salvaterra-Ferrara-Schneider-2004>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Salvaterra |first1=R.
 |last2=Ferrara    |first2=A.
 |last3=Schneider  |first3=R.|author3-link=Raffaella Schneider
 |year=2004
 |title=Induced formation of primordial low-mass stars
 |journal=New Astronomy
 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=113–120
 |doi=10.1016/j.newast.2004.06.003|bibcode=2004NewA...10..113S
 |arxiv = astro-ph/0304074
|s2cid=15085880
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Sanchez-1997>
{{cite journal
 |last=Sanchez-Salcedo |first=F.J.
 |year=1997
 |title=On the stringent constraint on massive dark clusters in the galactic halo
 |journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters
 |volume=487  |issue=1  |page=L61
 |doi=10.1086/310873  |doi-access=free
 |bibcode=1997ApJ...487L..61S
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Shapley-1977>
{{cite book
 |last=Shapley  |first=Harlow  |author-link=Harlow Shapley
 |year=1977
 |title=Galaxies
 |publisher=Harvard University Press
 |edition=3
 |editor-last=Hodge  |editor-first=Paul
 |isbn=978-0674340510
 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/galaxies00shap_0/page/62 62–63]
 |url=https://archive.org/details/galaxies00shap_0/page/62
 |url-access=registration
 |via=Archive.org
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Siess-Livio-Lattanzio-2002>
{{cite journal
 |first1=Lionel |last1=Siess
 |first2=Mario  |last2=Livio
 |first3=John   |last3=Lattanzio
 |year=2002
 |title=Structure, evolution, and nucleosynthesis of primordial stars
 |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]
 |volume=570  |issue=1  |pages=329–343
 |arxiv=astro-ph/0201284
 |doi=10.1086/339733  |bibcode=2002ApJ...570..329S
|s2cid=18385975
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Schlaufman-Thompson-Casey-2018>
{{cite journal
 |first1=Kevin C.  |last1=Schlaufman 
 |first2=Ian B.    |last2=Thompson 
 |first3=Andrew R. |last3=Casey 
 |year=2018
 |title=An ultra metal-poor star near the hydrogen-burning Limit
 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal
 |volume=867  |issue=2  |pages=98
 |bibcode=2018ApJ...867...98S  |arxiv=1811.00549
 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aadd97
|s2cid=54511945 
 |doi-access=free 
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Sobral-etal-2015-06>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Sobral   |first1=David       |last2=Matthee    |first2=Jorryt
 |last3=Darvish  |first3=Behnam      |last4=Schaerer   |first4=Daniel
 |last5=Mobasher |first5=Bahram      |last6=Röttgering |first6=Huub J.A.
 |last7=Santos   |first7=Sérgio      |last8=Hemmati    |first8=Shoubaneh
 |date=4 June 2015
 |title=Evidence for Pop&nbsp;III-like stellar populations in the most luminous Lyman-α emitters at the epoch of re-ionisation: Spectroscopic confirmation
 |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]
 |volume=808  |issue=2  |pages=139
 |doi=10.1088/0004-637x/808/2/139  |bibcode=2015ApJ...808..139S
 |arxiv=1504.01734
|s2cid=18471887 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Soriano-Vauclair-2009>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Soriano  |first1=M.S.
 |last2=Vauclair |first2=S.
 |date=2009
 |title=New seismic analysis of the exoplanet-host star Mu&nbsp;Arae
 |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
 |volume=513  |page=A49
 |arxiv=0903.5475  |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200911862
 |bibcode=2010A&A...513A..49S
|s2cid=5688996
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Space_FS>
{{cite news
 |last=Redd |first=Nola
 |date=February 2011
 |title=The universe's first stars weren't loners after all
 |website=Space.com
 |url=http://www.space.com/10801-stars-early-universe-loners.html
 |access-date=1 February 2015
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Space_MS>
{{cite news
 |first=Andrea  |last=Thompson
 |title=How massive stars form: Simple solution found
 |date=January 2009
 |website=Space.com
 |url=http://www.space.com/6328-massive-stars-form-simple-solution.html
 |access-date=1 February 2015
}}
</ref>

<ref name=Tominga-etal-2007>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Tominga  |first1=N.
 |display-authors=etal
 |year=2007
 |title=Supernova nucleosynthesis in population&nbsp;III 13-50 Msolar stars and abundance patterns of extremely metal-poor stars
 |journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]]
 |volume=660 |issue=5 |pages=516–540
 |doi=10.1086/513063 |bibcode=2007ApJ...660..516T
 |arxiv=astro-ph/0701381
|s2cid=119496577
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Umeda-Nomoto-2003>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Umeda  |first1=Hideyuki
 |last2=Nomoto |first2=Ken'Ichi
 |year=2003
 |title=First-generation black-hole-forming supernovae and the metal abundance pattern of a very iron-poor star
 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
 |volume=422  |issue=6934  |pages=871–873
 |bibcode=2003Natur.422..871U  |doi=10.1038/nature01571
 |arxiv=astro-ph/0301315  |pmid=12712199
|s2cid=4424736
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Wolfe-etal-2005>
{{cite journal
 |last1 = Wolfe     |first1 = Arthur M.
 |last2 = Gawiser   |first2 = Eric
 |last3 = Prochaska |first3 = Jason X.
 |year = 2005
 |title = Damped Ly‑α systems
 |journal = Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
 |volume = 43  |issue = 1  |pages = 861–918
 |doi = 10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.133950
 |bibcode = 2005ARA&A..43..861W  |arxiv = astro-ph/0509481
 |s2cid = 119368187
 |url=http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept05/Wolfe/Wolfe3.html
}}
</ref>

<ref name=schonrich2009>{{cite journal |last1=Schönrich |first1=R. |last2=Binney |first2=J. |date=2009 |title=Origin and structure of the Galactic disc(s) |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=399 |issue=3 |pages=1145–1156 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15365.x|arxiv=0907.1899 |bibcode=2009MNRAS.399.1145S | doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name=metal>{{cite web |title=Metals |series=Cosmos |url=https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/m/Metals |access-date=2022-04-01 |website=astronomy.swin.edu.au}}</ref>

<ref name=hao2013>{{cite journal
 |first1=Hao        |last1=Xu
 |first2=John H.    |last2=Wise
 |first3=Michael L. |last3=Norman
 |date=29 July 2013
 |title=Population&nbsp;III stars and remnants in high-redshift galaxies
 |journal=The American Astronomical Society
 |volume=773 |issue=2 |page=83<!-- this is article number, but template has no such parameter -->
 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/773/2/83
|arxiv=1305.1325
 |bibcode=2013ApJ...773...83X
 |s2cid=118303030
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=scinews>
{{cite news
 |title=One of Milky Way's oldest stars discovered
 |date=6 November 2018
 |website=Sci-News
 |url=http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/ultra-metal-poor-star-06577.html
 |access-date=12 June 2020
}}
</ref>

<ref name=fryer2001>
{{cite journal
 |last1=Fryer   |first1=C.&nbsp;L.
 |last2=Woosley |first2=S.&nbsp;E.
 |last3=Heger   |first3=A.
 |year=2001
 |title=Pair-instability supernovae, gravity waves, and gamma-ray transients
 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal
 |volume=550 |issue=1 |pages=372–382
 |doi=10.1086/319719
 |bibcode=2001ApJ...550..372F
 |arxiv=astro-ph/0007176
 |s2cid=7368009
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=heger2003>
{{cite journal
 |first1=A.         |last1=Heger
 |first2=C.&nbsp;L. |last2=Fryer
 |first3=S.&nbsp;E. |last3=Woosley
 |first4=N.         |last4=Langer
 |first5=D.&nbsp;H. |last5=Hartmann
 |year=2003
 |title=How massive single stars end their life
 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal
 |volume=591 |issue=1 |pages=288–300 
 |bibcode=2003ApJ...591..288H
 |doi=10.1086/375341
 |arxiv=astro-ph/0212469
 |s2cid=59065632
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Clark-2010>
{{cite magazine
 |last=Clark |first=Stuart
 |date=February 2010
 |title=Primordial giant: The star that time forgot
 |magazine=[[New Scientist]]
 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20527470.900-primordial-giant-the-star-that-time-forgot.html
 |access-date=1 February 2015
}}
</ref>

<ref name=va1973>
{{cite journal
 |first1=T.&nbsp;S. |last1=van&nbsp;Albada
 |first2=N. |last2=Baker
 |date=1973
 |title=On the two Oosterhoff groups of globular clusters
 |journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]]
 |volume=185 |pages=477–498
 |doi=10.1086/152434
 |bibcode=1973ApJ...185..477V
|doi-access=free
 }}
</ref>

<ref name=Beers92>{{cite journal |last1=Beers |first1=T. C. |last2=Preston |first2=G. W. |last3=Shectman |first3=S. A. |date=1992 |title=A Search for Stars of Very Low Metal Abundance. II |journal=[[Astronomical Journal]] |volume=103 |page=1987 |doi=10.1086/116207 |bibcode=1992AJ....103.1987B|s2cid=121564385 }}</ref>

<ref name=Christlieb98>{{cite journal |last1=Christlieb |first1=N. |last2=Wisotzki |first2=L. |last3=Reimers |first3=D. |last4=Gehren |first4=T. |last5=Reetz |first5=J. |last6=Beers |first6=T. C. |date=1998 |title=An Automated Search for Metal-Poor Halo Stars in the Hamburg/ESO Objective-Prism Survey |journal=ASP Conference Series |volume=666 |arxiv=astro-ph/9810183v1}}</ref>

<ref name=gibson2012>{{cite journal |bibcode=2013JCos...2210163G |title=Why are so many primitive stars observed in the Galaxy halo |last1=Gibson |first1=Carl H. |last2=Nieuwenhuizen |first2=Theo M. |last3=Schild |first3=Rudolph E. |journal=Journal of Cosmology |year=2013 |volume=22 |page=10163 |arxiv=1206.0187 }}</ref>

}} <!-- end of "refs=" / reflist -->