Editing Stroop effect (section)

== Uses ==
The Stroop effect has been widely used in psychology. Among the most important uses is the creation of validated psychological tests based on the Stroop effect permit to measure a person's selective attention capacity and skills, as well as their processing speed ability.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lamers|first=M.J.|title=Selective Attention And Response Set In The Stroop Task|journal=Memory & Cognition|year=2010|volume=38|issue=7|pages=893–904|doi=10.3758/mc.38.7.893|pmid=20921102|doi-access=free|hdl=2066/90123|hdl-access=free}}</ref>  It is also used in conjunction with other neuropsychological assessments to examine a person's executive processing abilities,<ref name="McMahon"/> and can help in the diagnosis and characterization of different psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Researchers also use the Stroop effect during brain imaging studies to investigate regions of the brain that are involved in planning, decision-making, and managing real-world interference (e.g., texting and driving).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Root-Bernstein|first=R|title=Brain Aging: Models, Methods, And Mechanisms|journal=The Journal of the American Medical Association|year=2007|volume=298|issue=23|pages=2798–2799|doi=10.1001/jama.298.23.2798}}</ref>

=== Stroop test ===
{{Infobox diagnostic
| Name        = Stroop effect
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| MeshID      = D057190
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The Stroop effect has been used to investigate a person's psychological capacities; since its discovery during the twentieth century, it has become a popular [[neuropsychological test]].<ref name="isbn0-19-511121-4">{{cite book |author1=Howieson, Diane Black |author2=Lezak, Muriel Deutsch |author3=Loring, David W. |chapter=Orientation and attention|title=Neuropsychological assessment |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=2004 |pages=365–367 |isbn=978-0-19-511121-7 |access-date=2009-03-06|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FroDVkVKA2EC&pg=PA365}}</ref>

There are different test variants commonly used in [[Clinical neuropsychology|clinical settings]], with differences between them in the number of subtasks, type and number of stimuli, times for the task, or scoring procedures.<ref name="isbn0-19-511121-4"/><ref name="isbn0-19-515957-8">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvE1mzbqI14C&pg=PA477|title=A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary|first1=Esther|first2=Elizabeth M.S.|first3=Otfried|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-515957-8|location=Oxford [Oxfordshire]|pages=477–499|last1=Strauss|last2=Sherman|last3=Spreen|access-date=2009-03-06}}</ref> All versions have at least two numbers of subtasks. In the first trial, the written color name differs from the color ink it is printed in, and the participant must say the written word. In the second trial, the participant must name the ink color instead. However, there can be up to four different subtasks, adding in some cases stimuli consisting of groups of letters "X" or dots printed in a given color with the participant having to say the color of the ink; or names of colors printed in black ink that have to be read.<ref name="isbn0-19-511121-4"/> The number of stimuli varies between fewer than twenty items to more than 150, being closely related to the scoring system used. While in some test variants the score is the number of items from a subtask read in a given time, in others it is the time that it took to complete each of the trials.<ref name="isbn0-19-511121-4"/> The number of errors and different derived punctuations are also taken into account in some versions.<ref name="isbn0-19-511121-4"/>

This test is considered to measure [[attention|selective attention]], [[cognitive flexibility]] and processing speed, and it is used as a tool in the evaluation of [[executive functions]].<ref name="isbn0-19-511121-4" /><ref name="isbn0-19-515957-8" /> An increased interference effect is found in disorders such as [[brain damage]], [[dementia]]s and other [[neurodegenerative disease]]s, [[attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder]], or a variety of [[mental disorder]]s such as [[schizophrenia]], [[Substance dependence|addictions]], and [[Major depressive disorder|depression]].<ref name="isbn0-19-511121-4"/><ref name="pmid17402825">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lansbergen MM, Kenemans JL, van Engeland H |title=Stroop interference and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and meta-analysis |journal=Neuropsychology |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=251–62 |date=March 2007 |pmid=17402825 |doi=10.1037/0894-4105.21.2.251 |citeseerx=10.1.1.576.8104 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19011235">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barch DM, Braver TS, Carter CS, Poldrack RA, Robbins TW |title=CNTRICS final task selection: executive control |journal=Schizophr Bull |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=115–35 |date=January 2009 |pmid=19011235 |pmc=2643948 |doi=10.1093/schbul/sbn154 }}</ref>
Ergonomists could even show a relationship between the ergonomic characteristics of the educational furniture and the number of cognitive errors based on Stroop test. They found that an error percentage reduction using separated chair and desk against arm table student chair.<ref>Jafari A, Arghami S, Kamali K, Zenozian S. Relationship Between Educational Furniture Design and Cognitive Error. InCongress of the International Ergonomics Association 2018 Aug 26 (pp. 649-656). Springer, Cham.</ref>