Editing Sud Aviation Caravelle (section)

==Incidents and accidents==
For 45 years of commercial operation, 67 Caravelles have been withdrawn from service as a result of destruction or for irreparable damage. None of these accidents and incidents are attributed to a design defect, only a few technical failures, human errors, or sabotage. The total loss of life in accidents in the Caravelle is more than 1,300. The accident rate per million flights is estimated at more than 5.5, compared with less than 1 for the most recent airliners.

*19 January 1960 – [[Scandinavian Airlines System Flight 871]], a Caravelle I, crashed at Esenboga Airport, Turkey due to excessive descent for reasons unknown. Seven crew members and 35 passengers lost their lives.
*19 May 1960 — A Caravelle of [[Air Algérie]], F-OBNI, collided with a [[Stampe-Vertongen SV.4|Stampe]] single-engine [[biplane]] on approach to [[Paris-Orly]] and managed to land. The small aircraft was destroyed and its pilot was killed, as well as one passenger of the Caravelle, 18 other persons on board were injured.<ref>[https://reports.aviation-safety.net/1960/19600519-0_S210_F-OBNI.pdf Rapport d'enquête sur la collision en vol survenue près d'Orly le 19 mai 1960]</ref>
*12 September 1961 – [[Air France Flight 2005]], a Caravelle III, crashed near Rabat, Morocco after the crew misread instruments, killing all 77 on board.
*27 September 1961 – [[Varig]] Flight 592-J, a Caravelle III, crashed when landing at [[Brasília International Airport]] in Brazil, caught fire and was totally destroyed. Despite this, there were no casualties. Among the passengers were the governor of the [[Rio Grande do Sul]] state, [[Leonel Brizola]], and three ministers of state of the newly sworn president [[João Goulart]]. This was the first air accident in the new Brazilian capital, founded only 16 months before.<ref>{{cite web|title=ACIDENTES E INCIDENTES AÉREOS NO BRASIL E NO MUNDO|
url=http://www.desastresaereos.net/historia_11_Varig_592_1o_acidente_brasilia.htm}}</ref>
*4 September 1963 – [[Swissair Flight 306]] crashed shortly after take-off from [[Zürich Airport|Zürich]] following an in-flight fire, killing all 80 people on board.
*18 April 1964 – [[Middle East Airlines Flight 444]] ([[aircraft registration|registration]] OD-AEM) crashed at night into the Persian Gulf, 10 miles out from Dhahran Airport, Saudi Arabia, killing all 49 on board; the cause was never determined.<ref>{{citation |journal=Flight International |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1964/1964%20-%201132.html |date=24 April 1964  |page=635 |title=MEA Caravelle Lost  }}</ref>
*15 February 1966 – an [[Indian Airlines]] Caravelle VI-N registered as VT-DPP crashed short of the runway at [[Palam Airport]] in poor visibility, killing two of 80 on board. 
*4 September 1966 – an Indian Airlines Caravelle VI-N registered as VT-DSB struck a hill at 800 feet during a training flight, killing the four crew.
*30 June 1967 – [[Thai Airways International Flight 601]], a Caravelle III, crashed into the sea while landing at [[Hong Kong]]'s [[Kai Tak Airport]] during a tropical heavy rainstorm. Twenty-four people were killed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Accident Database|url=http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06301967&reg=HS-TGI&airline=Thai+International+Airways|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104060519/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06301967&reg=HS-TGI&airline=Thai+International+Airways|archive-date=2012-11-04}}</ref>
*4 November 1967 – [[Iberia Airlines Flight 062]], a Caravelle 10R, struck [[Blackdown, Sussex|Blackdown Hill]], Sussex, United Kingdom, killing all 37 passengers and crew.
*11 September 1968 – [[Air France Flight 1611]], a Caravelle III en route from the island of [[Corsica]] to [[Nice, France]], crashed into the [[Mediterranean Sea]] off Nice following an in-flight fire, killing all 95 on board; in 2011 a report surfaced that a missile may have shot down the aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://snpnc.org/content/crash-antibes1968-michel-laty-temoin-capital-est-mort |title=Crash Antibes/1968: Michel Laty, témoin capital, est mort|language=fr|trans-title=Crash Antibes/1968: Michel Laty, principal witness, is dead |website=Syndicat National du Personnel Navigant Commercial|agency=AFP and others|date=16 December 2011  |access-date= 10 September 2019}}</ref>
*28 December 1968 – two Middle East Airlines Caravelle VI-Ns (registrations OD-AEE and OD-AEF), along with 12 other aircraft, were destroyed at Beirut International Airport by Israeli commandos in retaliation for a terrorist attack on a Boeing aircraft in Athens.
*26 July 1969 – an [[Air Algérie]] Caravelle VI-N (registration 7T-VAK) crashed at near [[Hassi Messaoud Airport]], Algeria killing 33 passengers and crew out of 37. The aircraft crashed onto the runway while attempting an emergency landing due to an in-flight fire.
*8 October 1969 – A [[Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul|Cruzeiro do Sul]] Caravelle VI-R en route from [[Val de Cans International Airport|Belém-Val de Cães]] to [[Ponta Pelada Airport|Manaus-Ponta Pelada]] in Brazil was [[Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul Flight 114|hijacked]] by four people who demanded to be flown to Cuba. The hijacking lasted less than a day and there were no casualties.
*1 April 1970 – a [[Royal Air Maroc]] Caravelle III registered as CN-CCV [[1970 Berrechid Royal Air Maroc Caravelle crash|crashed on approach to Casablanca]] following a loss of control, killing 61 of 72 on board.
*20 November 1971 – [[China Airlines Flight 825]], a Caravelle III (registration B-1852), crashed near [[Penghu]], Taiwan due to a possible bomb explosion, killing all 25 passengers and crew on board.
*7 January 1972 – [[Iberia Airlines Flight 602]] crashed into a mountain while on approach to [[Ibiza Airport]], Spain. All 104 passengers and crew were killed.
*14 March 1972 – [[Sterling Airways Flight 296]] crashed 20&nbsp;mi west of Kalba, United Arab Emirates due to pilot error, killing all 112 passengers and crew in the worst ever accident involving the Caravelle. The accident is also the deadliest in the United Arab Emirates.
*1 June 1973 – [[Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul|Cruzeiro do Sul]] Flight 109, a Caravelle VI-N (registration PP-PDX) operating from [[Val de Cans International Airport|Belém-Val de Cans]] to [[Marechal Cunha Machado International Airport|São Luís]] crashed on approach to São Luís. The left engine lost power and the aircraft attained an extreme nose-up attitude. It stalled and crashed 760m to the right of the runway. All 23 passengers and crew died.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19730601-1 | title=Accident description PP-PDX | publisher=Aviation Safety Network | access-date=22 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first=Carlos Ari César | last=Germano da Silva | title=O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 | chapter=O mistério do Tirirical | publisher=EDIPUCRS | edition=2 | place=Porto Alegre | year=2008 | pages=279–284 | isbn=978-85-7430-760-2 | language=pt}}</ref>
*13 August 1973 – [[Aviaco Flight 118]] crashed near [[A Coruña]], Spain, killing all 85 passengers and crew, while attempting to land at [[Alvedro Airport]] (now A Coruña Airport) in heavy fog.
*11 September 1973 – [[JAT Airways Flight 769]], a Caravelle VI-N, struck Babin Zub Peak while on approach to [[Titograd Airport]], killing all 41 passengers and crew on board. The accident remains the worst in Montenegro.
*22 December 1973 – A [[Sobelair]] Caravelle VI-N operating for Royal Air Maroc) Caravelle VI-N (OO-SRD) [[1973 Royal Air Maroc Sud Aviation Caravelle crash|struck]] Mount Mellaline while on approach to [[Tangier Airport]], killing all 106 passengers and crew on board.
*15 March 1974 – A [[Sterling Airways]] Caravelle 10B3 [[1974 Sterling Airways Tehran Caravelle accident|experienced a landing gear failure]] as it was taxiing for take-off at Tehran's [[Mehrabad International Airport]] leading to 15 passengers being killed and 37 passengers and crew injured.
*12 October 1976 – [[Indian Airlines Flight 171]], a Caravelle VI-N, crashed at Santacruz Airport following a loss of control caused by an uncontained engine failure and in-flight fire, killing all 95 on board.
*18 December 1977 – [[SA de Transport Aérien Flight 730]] crashed into the sea while on final approach to [[Madeira Airport]] due to pilot error, killing 36 of 52 on board; the wreckage was found in 2011.
*30 September 1978 – A [[Finnair Flight 405|Finnair Caravelle was hijacked]] by an unemployed home building contractor carrying a gun. With 44 passengers and 5 crew on board the aircraft flew to Amsterdam, Netherlands. After that it flew to Helsinki, where the hijacker released his hostages and received his demanded money. It then flew to Oulu, where he was arrested at his house the following day. 
*19 June 1980 - An Airborne Express Caravelle VI-R registered as N905MW crashed at Atlanta Hartsfield Airport on approach to runway 26. The probable cause was listed as a poorly planned approach, vortex turbulence, and failure to follow approved procedures, directives, etc.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19800619-1|title=ASN Aircraft accident Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VI-R N905MW Atlanta Municipal Airport, GA (ATL)|first=Harro|last=Ranter|website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
*21 December 1980 – A [[Transportes Aereos del César]] (Aerocésar) Caravelle VIR (registration HK-1810) crashed near [[Riohacha]], Colombia due to an explosion and in-flight fire, killing all 70 on board. The cause of the explosion was unknown. ([[1980 Riohacha Transportes Aéreos del Cesar Caravelle crash]])
*29 April 1983, [[SAN Ecuador]] Flight 832, a Caravelle VI-R  (reg. HC-BAJ, sn. 125) [[controlled flight into terrain|crashed]] near the southern end of the runway of the [[José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport|Simón Bolívar International Airport]] in [[Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]] after attempting to execute an [[emergency landing]]. The plane had suffered an [[Engine failure on take-off|engine failure shortly after taking off]] from Guayaquil on a flight to [[Quito]], and the crew was returning to the airport. However, the second engine failed while overflying the city and the plane [[Stall (fluid dynamics)|stalled]] just as it approached the airport. Cap. Germán Cruz crash-landed the plane in a muddy [[puddle]], produced by [[1982–83 El Niño event|recent El Niño]] rains, near the end of the runway, with the fuselage breaking in three parts but without causing a fire. The accident killed 8 of the 100 people on board and injured several others, but the fact that the puddle acted as a form of [[cushion]] to the plane helped avoid more fatalities. The pilot had previously reported engine issues and had tested the plane the previous day, after which it was subjected to [[Aircraft maintenance|maintenance]] and was later reported as [[Airworthiness|fit to fly]] shortly before the ill-fated flight.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?|id=19830429-0|title=Accident description|publisher=Aviation Safety Network|accessdate=October 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2023/05/13/san-832-dos-motores-defectuosos-la-amenaza-sobre-guayaquil-y-ocho-muertes-que-pudieron-ser-muchas-mas/ | title=SAN 832: dos motores defectuosos, la amenaza sobre Guayaquil y ocho muertes que pudieron ser muchas más | date=13 May 2023 }}</ref>
*2 July 1983 - An [[Altair (1967)|Altair]] Caravelle III registered as F-BHRS experienced an uncontained engine failure while accelerating for takeoff at [[Milan Malpensa Airport]], Italy. Takeoff was quickly aborted and all 89 occupants survived but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. The derelict aircraft remained at Milan Malpensa Airport for years afterward.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19830702-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III F-BHRS Milano-Malpensa Airport (MXP)}}</ref>
*18 January 1986 – An [[Aerovias]] Caravelle temporarily leased from Ecuador's [[SAETA]] [[1986 Aerovías Guatemala air crash|crashed in the jungle]] after missing its first approach, killing all 93 occupants. The flight had originated in Guatemala City and was to land at Mundo Maya International Airport in the northern department of Petén.