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Torvosaurus
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===Fauna and habitat in Africa=== The small-scale trough and ripple cross-bedded fine-grained sandstone at the base of the Upper Dinosaur Member of the [[Tendaguru Formation]], of which possible ''Torvosaurus'' material is known from, is interpreted as tidal flat deposits. Stagnant water bodies, such as small lakes and ponds, were present and a freshwater depositional environment close to the sea was also probably present. The possible unnamed ''Torvosaurus'' species from the Tendaguru Formation would have shared its habitat with many species of [[sauropod]]s, such as ''[[Australodocus]]'', ''[[Dicraeosaurus]]'', ''[[Giraffatitan]]'', ''[[Janenschia]]'', ''[[Tornieria]]'', ''[[Wamweracaudia]]'', three unnamed species of [[Diplodocinae|diplodocine]] sauropods, an unnamed species of [[flagellicaudata]]n, and "[[List of informally named dinosaurs#Archbishop|The Archbishop]]". The theropods it coexisted with were ''[[Allosaurus tendagurensis]]'', ''[[Ceratosaurus roechlingi]]'', ''[[Elaphrosaurus]]'', ''[[Labrosaurus stechowi]]'', ''[[Ostafrikasaurus]]'', ''[[Veterupristisaurus]]'' (of which it would have possibly competed with to be top predator), a possible [[abelisauroidea|abelisauroid]], and an indeterminate [[megalosauroidea|megalosauroid]], while the [[ornithischian]]s it coexisted with were ''[[Dysalotosaurus]]'' and ''[[Kentrosaurus]]''. As far as pterosaurs are concerned, it coexisted with ''[[Tendaguripterus]]'', an indeterminate [[Archaeopterodactyloidea|archaeopterodactyloid]], an indeterminate [[azhdarchidae|azhdarchid]], two indeterminate [[Dsungaripteroidea|dsungaripteroid]]s, an indeterminate [[rhamphorhynchoidea|rhamphorynchoid]], and an indeterminate pterosaur of unknown classification. Due to the coastal environment of the Tendaguru Formation, [[crocodyliformes]], such as ''[[Bernissartia]]'', [[amphibians]], including an unnamed [[lissamphibia]]n, and [[shark]]s are also present.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aberhan |first1=Martin |last2=Bussert |first2=Robert |last3=Heinrich |first3=Wolf-Dieter |last4=Schrank |first4=Eckhart |last5=Schultka |first5=Stephan |last6=Sames |first6=Benjamin |last7=Kriwet |first7=Jürgen |last8=Kapilima |first8=Saidi |year=2002 |title=Palaeoecology and depositional environments of the Tendaguru Beds (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Tanzania) |url=https://www.foss-rec.net/5/19/2002/fr-5-19-2002.pdf |journal=[[Fossil Record (journal)|Fossil Record]] |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=19–44 |access-date=April 2, 2019 |doi=10.1002/mmng.20020050103 |archive-date=August 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819081407/https://www.foss-rec.net/5/19/2002/fr-5-19-2002.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
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