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University constituency
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==Other countries== *'''Australia''': the [[electoral district of University of Sydney]] returned one member of the [[New South Wales Legislative Assembly]] between 1876 and 1880. It was abolished one year after the second member elected, [[Edmund Barton]], took his seat. Graduates of the [[University of Sydney]] wore [[academic gown]]s while voting.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thorpe |first=Will |date=2024-10-15 |title=Parliament and the University |url=https://honisoit.com/2024/10/parliament-and-the-university/ |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Honi Soit |language=en-AU}}</ref> *'''India''': India had university constituencies before independence, but these were abolished with the adoption of the modern [[Constitution of India]]. Nevertheless, today the [[President of India]] has the authority to appoint not more than twelve scientists, artists, or other persons who have special knowledge in similar fields, to the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house in the [[Parliament of India]]. Currently, the [[Vidhan Parishad|upper houses of the state legislatures]] in the six states that have them have graduates' constituencies, that elect one-twelfth of their members. Each graduates' constituency is defined geographically rather than by university; graduates of any approved [[Indian university]] may choose to register in the graduates' constituency of their place of residence instead of registering in the ordinary constituency.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} *'''Rwanda''': Two members of the [[Senate of Rwanda]] are elected by the staff of universities.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} *'''[[Thirteen Colonies]]''': [[The College of William & Mary]] held a seat in the [[House of Burgesses]] of the [[Virginia Colony]] in 1693, and was supported by taxes on tobacco and [[fur]]s. This seat was revoked after the House of Burgesses became the [[Virginia House of Delegates|House of Delegates]] of the [[Commonwealth of Virginia]] within the newly independent United States of America.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adams |first=Herbert B. |url=https://archive.org/details/collegeofwilliam0001adam |title=The College of William and Mary, with Suggestions for the National Promotion of Higher Education |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1887 |location=Washington, D.C. |pages=15, 28 |author-link=Herbert Baxter Adams}}</ref> *'''Bavaria''': From 1946 to 1999, the Bavarian upper house, the [[Bavarian Senate]] had reserved three seats to universities and colleges.
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