Editing Victim blaming (section)

===Australia===
[[Murder of Leigh Leigh|Leigh Leigh]], born Leigh Rennea Mears, was a 14-year-old girl from [[Fern Bay]], [[New South Wales]], Australia, who was murdered on 3 November 1989. While attending a 16-year-old boy's birthday party at [[Stockton Beach]], Leigh was assaulted by a group of boys after she returned distressed from a sexual encounter on the beach that a reviewing judge later called non-consensual. After being kicked and spat on by the group, Leigh left the party. Her [[nudity|naked]] body was found in the sand dunes nearby the following morning, with severe genital damage and a crushed skull. Leigh's murder received considerable attention in the media. Initially focusing on her sexual assault and murder, media attention later concentrated more on the lack of parental supervision and the drugs and alcohol at the party, and on Leigh's sexuality. The media coverage of the murder has been cited as an example of victim blaming.<ref name="carrington">{{cite book |last=Carrington |first=Kerry |title=Who Killed Leigh Leigh? A story of shame and mateship in an Australian town |date=24 July 1998 |publisher=Random House Australia |isbn=978-0-09-183708-2 |location=Sydney, New South Wales |author-link=Kerry Carrington}}</ref>{{rp|131}}

In 1997, the [[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)|Sydney Daily Telegraph]], a conservative tabloid opposition to the [[Sydney Morning Herald]] and [[The Australian]], interviewed anti-LGBT+ school bullies who claimed their gay student victims 'were asking for it' with their [[Camp (style)|camp behaviour]], insinuating that they were [[Gay panic defense|bringing upon themselves]] mistreatment at the hands of students and staff at their schools.<ref>''A Report into Youth Violence in New South Wales''. Report No 8, P.92, Para. 3.10: 'Violence Against Homosexuals and Lesbians': Standing Committee on Social Issues, [[New South Wales Legislative Council]].</ref><ref name ="Queer Trepidations" > Rasmussen, M. L. (2003). ''Queer trepidations and the art of inclusion''. Melbourne Studies in Education, 44(1), 87–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2003.9558593</ref> The Telegraph devoted its entire front page to the [[Gay and Lesbian Teachers and Students Association#Tsakalos v. DoE|Christopher Tsakalos lawsuit]], with the [[Imperative mood|imperative]] headline "Walk Like a Man". Reporters from the Daily Telegraph also pursued the Tsakalos story in an article titled "Gay boy asked for it — students" (Trute & Angelo, 1997).<ref name ="Queer Trepidations" />

Former Australian Senator [[Fraser Anning]] was sharply criticised for his comments about the [[Christchurch mosque shootings]] in New Zealand, in which 51 Muslim worshippers were killed. He claimed that immigration of "Muslim fanatics" led to the attacks, and that "while Muslims may have been victims today, usually they are the perpetrators".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Young |first1=Matt |last2=Molloy |first2=Shannon |last3=Smith |first3=Rohan |date=15 March 2019 |title=Egg Boy speaks out on Fraser Anning: 'Tackled by bogans' |newspaper=News.com.au |url=https://www.news.com.au/national/queensland/politics/politician-lashes-out-at-muslims-after-christchurch-shootings-they-are-the-perpetrators/news-story/8e3f11fe73821dc3e65d75432ac76f2e}}</ref> Anning also stated that the massacre "highlights...the growing fear within our community...of the increasing Muslim presence". The comments received international attention and were overwhelmingly criticised as being insensitive and racist, and sympathetic to the views of the perpetrator.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-03-16 |title=Fury as Australian senator blames Christchurch attack on Muslim immigration |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/15/australian-senator-fraser-anning-criticised-blaming-new-zealand-attack-on-muslim-immigration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-03-16 |title=Australian senator Fraser Anning punches teen after being egged |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/mar/16/australian-senator-fraser-anning-punches-teen-after-being-egged}}</ref>

In some [[Common Law]] jurisdictions such as the UK, Canada, and several Australian states, the defense of provocation is only available against a charge of murder and only acts to reduce the conviction to manslaughter. Until recently criminal courts have regarded sexual infidelity such as [[adultery]] and [[fornication]] as sufficiently grave provocation as to provide a warrant, indeed a 'moral warrant', for reducing murder to manslaughter. While the warrant has spilled over into diminished responsibility defences, wounding, grievous bodily harm and attempted murder cases, it is provocation cases that have provided the precedents enshrining a defendant's impassioned homicidal sexual infidelity tale as excusatory. Periodically, judges and law reformers attempt to rein in provocation defences, most recently in England and Wales where provocation has been replaced by a loss of control defence that, most controversially, specifically excludes sexual infidelity as a trigger for loss of control.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Howe |first1=Adrian |date=2013 |title='Red mist' homicide: sexual infidelity and the English law of murder (glossing Titus Andronicus) |journal=Legal Studies |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=407–430 |doi=10.1111/j.1748-121X.2012.00254.x |hdl=10072/50057 |s2cid=142871847|hdl-access=free }}</ref>