Editing Vinland Map (section)

==Identification as a forgery, 2018==
As controversy has swirled around the map almost since its acquisition, authorities at Yale University chose not to comment on the authenticity of the parchment document. In 2002, Yale librarian Alice Prochaska commented that "We regard ourselves as the custodians of an extremely interesting and controversial document... and we watch the scholarly work on it with great interest."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_10/l_v.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114130724/http://yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/02_10/l_v.html|url-status=dead|title=Vinland Map Flap Redux, Yale Alumni Magazine, October 2002|archive-date=November 14, 2012|access-date=May 13, 2020}}</ref> In 2011, Yale's Chester D. Tripp Professor of History, [[Paul Freedman]], expressed his view that the map was "unfortunately a fake".<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://oyc.yale.edu/transcript/1246/hist-210
 |title        = HIST-210: Lecture 22 - Vikings / The European Prospect
 |last1        = Freedman
 |first1       = Paul
 |date         = November 28, 2011
 |website      = Open Yale courses
 |access-date   = August 26, 2014
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140827104029/http://oyc.yale.edu/transcript/1246/hist-210
 |archive-date = August 27, 2014
 |url-status     = dead
 |df           = mdy-all
}}</ref>

At the 2018 Vinland Map Symposium, Yale conservation scientist Richard Hark revealed the results of new global chemical analyses of the map and the Tartar Relation, which established that the ink lines of the map contain varying amounts of anatase "consistent with modern manufacture". So too do two small patches on the first page of the Tartar Relation, where the original iron-gall ink appears to have been erased and replaced.<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Richard Hark |date=21 Sep 2018 |title=The Vinland Map Rediscovered symposium |medium=recorded livestream |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1YXS8dbY2I&t=20353 |access-date=22 Sep 2018 |location=Mystic Seaport, CT |publisher=Mystic Seaport}}</ref>

Raymond Clemens, Curator of Early Books and Manuscripts at Yale's Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library, considers that the latest historical and scientific research proves "beyond a doubt" that the Vinland map "was a forgery, not a medieval product as it claimed to be." In a March 2019 article, Clemens highlights the fact that "historical investigations by John Paul Floyd have revealed that the Vinland Map is based not on Bianco’s 1436 map, but on a printed facsimile map made in 1782. Floyd discovered this by noting mistakes in the 1782 map that were replicated on the Vinland map, but could be found nowhere else." Furthermore, the map has been studied at the Beinecke Library using new technology. "In the case of the Vinland map we were able to prove... [the map] was clearly a 20th century fake." Despite the map's forged origins, Clemens stated that the map would remain at the Beinecke Library, as it had "become an historical object in and of itself."<ref>
{{cite journal
 | last= Clemens
 | first= Raymond
 | title= Acquisition, Collaboration, Teaching: The Role of the Beinecke Library in Driving Research 
 | journal = Bulletin of the Center for Historical Social Science Literature, Hitotsubashi University
 | volume= 39
 | pages= 13–18
 | year= 2019
 | doi= 10.15057/30238 
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.yale.edu/2021/09/01/analysis-unlocks-secret-vinland-map-its-fake?|title=Analysis unlocks secret of the Vinland Map — it's a fake|website=YaleNews|first=Mike|last=Cummings|date=September 1, 2021|accessdate=September 2, 2021}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Yuhas|first=Alan|date=2021-09-30|title=Yale Says Its Vinland Map, Once Called a Medieval Treasure, Is Fake|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/30/us/yale-vinland-map-fake.html|access-date=2021-09-30|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>