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Wankel engine
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==Licenses issued== {{Multiple image | direction = vertical | width = 250 | header = Early rotary engines | image1 = Mazda rotary engine early.jpg | caption1 = '''Figure 12.'''<br/>[[Mazda]]'s first Wankel engine, precursor to the 10A, at the Mazda Museum in [[Hiroshima, Japan]] | image2 = 1974 GM Rotory engine.jpg | caption2 = '''Figure 13.'''<br/>A 1972 General-Motors–developed Wankel engine cutaway showing twin rotors }} NSU licensed the Wankel engine design to companies worldwide, in various forms, with many companies implementing continual improvements. In his 1973 book ''Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotoren'', German engineer Wolf-Dieter Bensinger describes the following licensees, in chronological order, which is confirmed by John B. Hege:<ref name="Bensinger 1973 p. 58">{{cite book |last1=Bensinger |first1=Wolf-Dieter |title=Rotationskolben-Verbrennungsmotoren |place=Berlin, Heidelberg, New York |date=1973 |isbn=978-3-540-05886-1 |oclc=251737493 |language=de |page=58}}</ref><ref name="Hege 2006 p. 118">{{cite book |last1=Hege |first1=John B. |title=The Wankel rotary engine: a history |publisher=McFarland |place=Jefferson, N.C. |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-7864-2905-9 |oclc=123964823 |page=118}}</ref> <ref>Dieter Korp Protokoll einer Erfindung: Der Wankelmotor Lizenznehmer Page 220-221</ref> * [[Curtiss-Wright]]: All types of engines, both air- and water-cooled, {{cvt|100-1000|PS|0}}, from 1958;<ref name="C9Nvu">{{cite magazine |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=99sDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA96 |title=Revolutionary Engine |magazine=Popular Mechanics |date=April 1960 |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=96–97, 258 |access-date=2018-05-05}}</ref> license sold to [[Deere & Company]] in 1984<ref name="Hege 2006 p. 208">{{cite book |last1=Hege |first1=John B. |title=The Wankel rotary engine: a history |publisher=McFarland |place=Jefferson, N.C. |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-7864-2905-9 |oclc=123964823 |page=208}}</ref> * [[Fichtel & Sachs]]: Industrial and marine engines, {{cvt|0.5-30|PS|0}}, from 1960 * [[Yanmar Diesel]]: Marine engines up to {{cvt|100|PS|0}}, and engines running on [[diesel fuel]] up to {{cvt|300|PS|0}}, from 1961 * [[Mazda|Toyo Kogyo (Mazda)]]: Motor vehicle engines up to {{cvt|200|PS|0}}, from 1961 * [[Perkins Engines]]: All types of engines, up to {{cvt|250|PS|0}}, from 1961 until <1972 * [[Deutz AG|Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz]]: Engines running on diesel fuel; development ended by 1972 * [[Daimler Benz]]: All types of engines from {{cvt|50|PS|0}} up to {{cvt|350|PS|0}}, from 1961 until 1976. * [[MAN SE|MAN]]: Engines running on diesel fuel; development ended by 1972 * [[Krupp]]: Engines running on diesel fuel; development ended by 1972 * [[Hanomag|Rheinstahl-Hanomag]]: Petrol engines, {{cvt|40-200|PS|0}}, from 1963; by 1972 merged into Daimler-Benz * [[Alfa Romeo]]: Motor vehicle engines, {{cvt|50-300|PS|0}}, from 1964 * [[Rolls-Royce]]: Engines for diesel fuel or multifuel operation, {{cvt|100-850|PS|0}}, from 1965 * [[Industrieverband Fahrzeugbau|VEB Automobilbau]]: Automotive engines from {{cvt|0.25-25|PS|0}} and {{cvt|50-100|PS|0}}, from 1965; license abandoned by 1972 * [[Porsche]]: Sportscar engines from {{cvt|50-1000|PS|0}}, from 1965 * [[Outboard Marine]]: Marine engines from {{cvt|50-400|PS|0}}, from 1966 * [[Comotor]] ([[NSU Motorenwerke]] and [[Citroën]]): Petrol engines from {{cvt|40-200|PS|0}}, from 1967 * [[Graupner (company)|Graupner]]: Model engines from {{cvt|0.1-3|PS|0}}, from 1967 * [[Savkel]]: Industrial petrol engines from {{cvt|0.5-30|PS|0}}, from 1969 * [[Nissan]]: Car engines from {{cvt|80-120|PS|0}}, from 1970 * [[General Motors]]: All types of engines, excluding aircraft engines, up to four-rotor engines, from 1970 * [[Suzuki]]: Motorcycle engines from {{cvt|20-90|PS|0}}, from 1970 * [[Toyota]]: Car engines from {{cvt|75-150|PS|0}}, from 1971 * [[Ford Germany]]: (including [[Ford Motor Company]]): Car engines from {{cvt|80-200|PS|0}}, from 1971 * [[BSA Company ]]: Petrol engines from {{cvt|35-60|PS|0}}, from 1972<ref>[[Birmingham Small Arms Company|BSA]]'s [[David Garside]] used a [[ZF Sachs|F&F]] single-rotor engine to develop twin-rotor Wankel motorcycles that reached production: first the air-cooled [[Norton Classic]], followed by the liquid-cooled [[Norton Commander]] & [[Norton F1]]. MidWest, an engineering firm at [[Staverton Airport]], went on to develop the BSA/Norton engine into the [[MidWest AE series]] [[Light aircraft|light aviation]] engines.</ref> * [[Yamaha Motor Company]]: Petrol engines from {{cvt|20-80|PS|0}}, from 1972 * [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]]: Petrol engines from {{cvt|20-80|PS|0}}, from 1972 * [[Brunswick Corporation]] Engines from {{cvt|20-100|PS|0}}, from 1972 * [[Ingersoll Rand]]: Engines from {{cvt|350-4500|PS|0}}, from 1972 * [[American Motors Company]]: Petrol engines from {{cvt|80-200|PS|0}}, from 1973 In 1961, the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] research organizations of NATI, NAMI, and VNIImotoprom began developing a Wankel engine. Eventually, in 1974, development was transferred to a special design bureau at the [[AvtoVAZ]] plant.<ref name="cu0Uy">{{cite journal |url= http://engine.aviaport.ru/issues/11&12/page14.html |first1=Ivan |last1=Pyatov |title=RAP from inside and outside (РПД изнутри и снаружи) |journal=Engine (Двигатель) |volume=5–6 (11–12) |date=September–December 2000 |language=ru |access-date=2011-12-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111002120904/http://engine.aviaport.ru/issues/11%2612/page14.html |archive-date=2011-10-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> John B. Hege argues that no license was issued to any Soviet car manufacturer.<ref name="Hege 2006 p. 117">{{cite book |last1=Hege |first1=John B. |title=The Wankel rotary engine: a history |publisher=McFarland |place=Jefferson, N.C. |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-7864-2905-9 |oclc=123964823 |page=117}}</ref>
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