Editing Work design (section)

== Measurement and diagnostics ==

=== Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) ===
The ''Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS)<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal|last1=Hackman|first1=J. R.|last2=Oldham|first2=G. R.|date=1975|title=Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey|journal=Journal of Applied Psychology|volume=60|issue=2|pages=159–170|doi=10.1037/h0076546}}</ref>'' was developed by Hackman and Oldham in 1975 to assess perceptions of the core job characteristics outlined in [[Job characteristic theory|job characteristics theory]]. The JDS consists of seven scales measuring variety, autonomy, task identity, significance, job feedback, feedback from others, and dealing with others.<ref name=":15" /> Prior to the development of viable alternatives, the JDS was the most commonly used job design measure. However, some authors have criticised its focus on a narrow set of motivational characteristics and neglect of other important work characteristics.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Parker|first1=Sharon K.|last2=Wall|first2=Toby D.|last3=Cordery|first3=John L.|date=November 2001|title=Future work design research and practice: Towards an elaborated model of work design|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/096317901167460|journal=Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology|volume=74|issue=4|pages=413–440|doi=10.1348/096317901167460|issn=0963-1798}}</ref> Additionally, the psychometric properties of the JDS have been brought into question, including a low internal consistency<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=TABER|first1=TOM D.|last2=TAYLOR|first2=ELISABETH|title=A Review and Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Job Diagnostic Survey|date=September 1990|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb02393.x|journal=Personnel Psychology|volume=43|issue=3|pages=467–500|doi=10.1111/j.1744-6570.1990.tb02393.x|issn=0031-5826}}</ref> and problems with the factor structure.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Harvey|first1=Robert J.|last2=Billings|first2=Robert S.|last3=Nilan|first3=Kevin J.|date=August 1985|title=Confirmatory factor analysis of the Job Diagnostic Survey: Good news and bad news.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.70.3.461|journal=Journal of Applied Psychology|volume=70|issue=3|pages=461–468|doi=10.1037/0021-9010.70.3.461|issn=1939-1854}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Idaszak|first1=Jacqueline R.|last2=Drasgow|first2=Fritz|date=February 1987|title=A revision of the Job Diagnostic Survey: Elimination of a measurement artifact.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.72.1.69|journal=Journal of Applied Psychology|volume=72|issue=1|pages=69–74|doi=10.1037/0021-9010.72.1.69|issn=1939-1854}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kulik|first1=Carol T.|last2=Oldham|first2=Greg R.|last3=Langner|first3=Paul H.|date=1988|title=Measurement of job characteristics: Comparison of the original and the revised Job Diagnostic Survey.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.73.3.462|journal=Journal of Applied Psychology|volume=73|issue=3|pages=462–466|doi=10.1037/0021-9010.73.3.462|issn=1939-1854}}</ref>

=== Multimethod Job Design Questionnaire (MJDQ) ===
The ''Multimethod Job Design Questionnaire (MJDQ)''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Campion|first=Michael A.|date=1988|title=Interdisciplinary approaches to job design: A constructive replication with extensions.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.73.3.467|journal=Journal of Applied Psychology|volume=73|issue=3|pages=467–481|doi=10.1037/0021-9010.73.3.467|issn=1939-1854}}</ref> was developed by Michael Campion in 1988 to assess what were, at the time, the main interdisciplinary approaches to work design (i.e. motivational, mechanistic, biological, perceptual motor).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=EDWARDS|first1=JEFFREY R.|last2=SCULLY|first2=JUDITH A.|last3=BRTEK|first3=MARY D.|title=The Measurement of Work: Hierachical &#91;sic&#93; Representation of the Multimethod Job Design Questionnaire|date=June 1999|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00163.x|journal=Personnel Psychology|volume=52|issue=2|pages=305–334|doi=10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00163.x|issn=0031-5826}}</ref> Intended to address the weaknesses of the JDS, the MJDQ suffered from both measurement problems and gaps in construct measurement.<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal|last1=Morgeson|first1=Frederick P.|last2=Humphrey|first2=Stephen E.|date=2006|title=The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work.|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321|journal=Journal of Applied Psychology|volume=91|issue=6|pages=1321–1339|doi=10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321|pmid=17100487|s2cid=11143901 |issn=1939-1854}}</ref>

=== Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) ===
The ''Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ)<ref name=":16" />'' was developed by Morgeson and Humphrey in 2006 as a comprehensive and integrative work design measure which addresses the inadequacies of its predecessors.   The WDQ focuses not only on the tasks that make up a person's job, but also the relations between workers and the broader environment.<ref name=":17">{{Cite journal|last1=Fernández Ríos|first1=Manuel|last2=Ramírez Vielma|first2=Raúl G.|last3=Sánchez García|first3=José Carlos|last4=Bargsted Aravena|first4=Mariana|last5=Polo Vargas|first5=Jean David|last6=Ruiz Díaz|first6=Miguel Ángel|date=2017|title=Spanish-Language Adaptation of Morgeson and Humphrey's Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ)|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2017.24|journal=The Spanish Journal of Psychology|volume=20|pages=E28|doi=10.1017/sjp.2017.24|pmid=28595664|issn=1138-7416}}</ref> The WDQ has since been translated into several languages other than English, including German,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=S.|first1=Stegmann|last2=van Dick|first2=R.|last3=Ullrich|first3=J.|last4=Charalambous|first4=J.|last5=Menzel|first5=B.|last6=Egold|first6=N.|last7=Wu|first7=T. T. C.|date=2010|title= Der Work Design Questionnaire|journal= Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O|volume=54|issue=1|pages=1–28|doi=10.1026/0932-4089/a000002}}</ref> Italian,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zaniboni|first1=S.|last2=Truxillo|first2=D. M.|last3=Fraccaroli|first3=F.|date=2013|title=Validation of the Italian version of the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ)|journal=Imagine the Future World: How do We Want to Work Tomorrow|pages=22–25}}</ref> and Spanish.<ref name=":17" />