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Defamation
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====Calumny==== {{further |Lashon hara}} It is described as a [[sin]], based on both the [[Bible]] ("gossip") and [[rabbinic literature]] (''leshon hara'', "the evil tongue"). Intentionally false [[accusation]]s and also injurious [[gossip]]. Both forbidden in the [[Torah]]. Of the [[Ten Commandments]], relevant is the ninth (in [[Judaism]]): [[Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour]]. According to the article, the {{sic |slanderous |expected=calumnious}} tongue ruins the slanderer, the listener, and the maligned. The [[divine presence]] will be denied to [[lie|liars]], [[hypocrisy|hypocrites]], [[wikt:scoff|scoffers]], and slanderers. Slander is morally equated to [[idolatry]], [[adultery]], and [[murder]]. According to the authors, some [[rabbi]]s saw [[peritonsillar abscess|quinsy]], [[leprosy]] (related to [[Miriam]] speaking ill of Moses), [[stoning]], as deserved punishments. And the [[Midrash]] attributes hardships of various figures (such as [[Joseph (Genesis)|Joseph]], [[Moses]], [[Elijah]], [[Isaiah]]) to sins of the tongue. As for [[legal remedies]], the article refers to ethical and religious sanctions from the Bible and the [[Talmud]], arguing that the [[law]] cannot repair subtle damage to reputation{{snd}}with two exceptions. Bringing an evil name upon one's [[wife]] (punished with a fine and by disallowing [[divorce]]). [[Perjury]], which would result in the perpetrator receiving same punishment, as the one their false testimony would have brought upon the falsely accused. The authors conclude that calumny was met with [[righteous indignation]] and penal severity in [[Jewish thought]], and this was in accordance with the ethical principle of treating the honour of others as one's own.
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