Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
0
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
====Transmission to Islamic culture==== {{See also|History of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system}} The [[Arabic]]-language inheritance of science was largely [[Greece|Greek]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pannekoek |first=Anton |title=A History of Astronomy |publisher=George Allen & Unwin |year=1961 |page=165 | oclc=840043 | author-link=Anton Pannekoek | url= https://archive.org/details/historyofastrono0000pann}}</ref> followed by Hindu influences.<ref name="Durant">{{cite book | first= Will | last= Durant |date=1950|title=The Story of Civilization, Volume IV, The Age of Faith: Constantine to Dante – A.D. 325–1300|publisher= Simon & Schuster |quote-page= 241 | quote=The Arabic inheritance of science was overwhelmingly Greek, but Hindu influences ranked next. In 773, at Mansur's behest, translations were made of the ''Siddhantas'' – Indian astronomical treatises dating as far back as 425 BC; these versions may have the vehicle through which the "Arabic" numerals and the zero were brought from India into Islam. In 813, al-Khwarizmi used the Hindu numerals in his astronomical tables. | author-link=Will Durant |url=https://archive.org/details/ageoffaithahisto012288mbp}}</ref> In 773, at [[Al-Mansur]]'s behest, translations were made of many ancient treatises including Greek, Roman, Indian, and others. In AD 813, astronomical tables were prepared by a [[Persian people|Persian]] mathematician, [[Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]], using Hindu numerals;<ref name="Durant" /> and about 825, he published a book synthesizing Greek and Hindu knowledge and also contained his own contribution to mathematics including an explanation of the use of zero.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brezina |first=Corona |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=955jPgAACAAJ |title=Al-Khwarizmi: The Inventor of Algebra |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-4042-0513-0 |access-date=26 September 2016 }}</ref> This book was later translated into [[Latin]] in the 12th century under the title ''Algoritmi de numero Indorum''. This title means "al-Khwarizmi on the Numerals of the Indians". The word "Algoritmi" was the translator's Latinization of Al-Khwarizmi's name, and the word "[[Algorithm]]" or "[[Algorism]]" started to acquire a meaning of any arithmetic based on decimals.<ref name="Durant" /> [[Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Khwarizmi]], in 976, stated that if no number appears in the place of tens in a calculation, a little circle should be used "to keep the rows". This circle was called ''ṣifr''.<ref>{{harvnb|Durant|1950|p=241}}: "In 976, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, in his ''Keys of the Sciences'', remarked that if, in a calculation, no number appears in the place of tens, a little circle should be used "to keep the rows". This circle the Mosloems called ''ṣifr'', "empty" whence our cipher."</ref>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)