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Alyutor language
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==== Case roles ==== *The absolutive case is the citation form of a noun. It is used for the argument ("subject") of an intransitive clause and the object of a transitive clause, for "syntactic possessives",{{Clarify|date=January 2010}} and for the [[vocative]]. *The ergative is used for the agent ("subject") of a transitive verb, as an [[instrumental case]], and as the argument of an [[antipassive]] clause. *The locative is used for position and direction ([[essive]] and [[lative case]]s), as well as arguments which are "driven away",<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Case for Fewer Cases in Pre-Chukotko-Kamchatkan: Grammaticalization and Semantics in Internal Reconstructions|last=Wdzenczny|first=Dibella|publisher=Eastern Michigan University.|year=2011}}</ref> e.g.: {{interlinear|lang=alr|indent=3 |ənnu ɣilŋatə-tkən ujatiki-k. |he-ABS.SG drive-IMPERF sledge-LOC |'he drove away the sledge.'}} *The dative is used for recipients, benefactors, directional objects ([[allative case]]), and subjects of experiential verbs *Lative is used for motion toward a goal *Prolative is used for movement along and movement from ([[perlative]] and [[elative case]]s) * Equative is used with the meanings 'like X', 'as X', usually with verbs like 'to become', 'to turn into', 'to work as,' etc. * Contactive is used for objects that make contact * Causative is used for noun phrases that cause or motivate an action * Comitative is used for ... {{Clarify|date=January 2010}}. It is primarily used with high-animacy referents. * Associative is used for secondary or passive accompaniment. {{Clarify|date=January 2010}} It is only attested in the declension of nouns of the first declension, usually inanimate.
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