Editing Battle of the Java Sea (section)

==Aftermath==
After their victory, the Japanese fleet while returning to the invasion convoy stumbled upon the Dutch hospital ship [[SS Op Ten Noort|SS ''Op Ten Noort'']] as she was sailed to the battle scene to rescue survivors''.'' ''Op Ten Noort'' was halted by ''Murasame'' and ''Amatsukaze''. Captain Hara aboard ''Amatsukaze'' peeked through his binoculars and watched Captain G. Tuizinga walk on deck after the Japanese yelled a message to the ship in English. Upon inspection, there were no patients on the ship, only crew and staff, and in response ''Amatsukaze'' was ordered to escort ''Op Ten Noort'' to Singapore, where she would be converted into a prison ship. While underway, ''Amatsukaze and Hatsukaze'' crippled the submarine [[USS Perch (SS-176)|USS ''Perch'']], enabling her to be finished off by the destroyers ''Ushio'' and ''Sazanami'', then ''Amatsukaze'' fatally wounded the Dutch submarine ''[[HNLMS K X|K-10]]'', forcing her scuttling in Surabaya the next day.<ref name=":02">Hara (1961) Chapter 13</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=主要兵器 |first=大日本帝国軍 |date=2018-02-04 |title=天津風【陽炎型駆逐艦 九番艦】その1Amatsukaze【Kagero-class destroyer】 |url=https://japanese-warship.com/destroyer/amatsukaze/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=大日本帝国軍 主要兵器 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KPN SS OP TEN NOORT an 6,000 ton 1927 Dutch Passenger-Cargo liner based in Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) |url=http://ssmaritime.com/SS-Op-Ten-Noort.htm |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=ssmaritime.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial Notes - AMATSUKAZE |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/Amatsukaze-TU-Notes.htm}}</ref>

While traversing the Java Sea, ''Witte De With'' was damaged by land based Japanese aircraft and forced to retire for Surabaya. She was replaced by the destroyer [[USS Pope (DD-225)|USS ''Pope'']] in escorting the crippled ''Exeter'' to safety.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Admiralen-class destroyers |url=https://netherlandsnavy.nl/Admiralen.htm |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=netherlandsnavy.nl}}</ref>

===Battle of Sunda Strait===
{{Main|Battle of Sunda Strait}}

''Perth'' and ''Houston'' were at Tanjung Priok on 28 February when they received orders to sail through [[Sunda Strait]] to [[Cilacap|Tjilatjap]]. Materiel was running short in Java, and neither was able to rearm or fully refuel. Departing at 19:00 on 28 February for the Sunda Strait, by chance they encountered the main Japanese invasion fleet for West Java in [[Bantam Bay]] and were engaged by the groups escorting destroyers. The initial torpedo spreads fired from the ''[[Japanese destroyer Fubuki (1927)|Fubuki]], [[Japanese destroyer Shirayuki (1928)|Shirayuki]], [[Japanese destroyer Hatsuyuki (1928)|Hatsuyuki]],'' and ''[[Japanese destroyer Asakaze (1922)|Asakaze]]'' all missed, and in turn ''Perth'' hit ''Shirayuki'' with a 6-inch (152 mm) shell to her bridge. However, the arrival of the convoy's other escorts, the heavy cruisers ''[[Japanese cruiser Mogami (1934)|Mogami]]'' and ''[[Japanese cruiser Mikuma|Mikuma]]'', the light cruiser ''[[Japanese cruiser Natori|Natori]]'', and the destroyers ''[[Japanese destroyer Murakumo (1928)|Murakumo]], [[Japanese destroyer Shirakumo (1927)|Shirakumo]]'', and ''[[Japanese destroyer Shikinami (1929)|Shikinami]]'' quickly changed the tide of battle.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Order of battle - Battle of the Sunda Strait |url=http://www.navweaps.com/index_oob/OOB_WWII_Pacific/OOB_WWII_Sunda_Strait.php}}</ref><ref name=":12">O'Hara (2009) p 50-55</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IJN Amatsukaze: Tabular Record of Movement |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/amatsu_texp.htm}}</ref>

''Mogami'' and ''Mikuma'' blasted ''Houston'', crippling her with 30 shell hits and two torpedo hits, through in turn ''Mikuma'' was hit by 8-inch (203 mm) shells that temporally disabled electrical power. Simultaneously, ''Perth'' became the focus of the escorting destroyers and dueled the ''[[Japanese destroyer Harukaze (1922)|Harukaze]]'' which she damaged with three dud 6-inch (152 mm) shell hits, but not before ''Harukaze'' hit ''Perth'' with a torpedo that destroyed her forward engine room, followed two minutes later by another torpedo from the ''Murakumo'' that flooded her bow, then two more torpedoes from ''Shirakumo'' which finished her off; the crew quickly abandoned ship and left ''Perth'' to sink over 20 minutes. Meanwhile, the crippled ''Houston'' was pounced by the ''Shikinami'', which hit the cruiser with a final torpedo that resulted in the abandon ship order being issued, leaving ''Houston'' to disappear beneath the waves.<ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=主要兵器 |first=大日本帝国軍 |date=2018-02-03 |title=敷波【綾波型駆逐艦 二番艦】Shikinami【Ayanami-class destroyer】 |url=https://japanese-warship.com/destroyer/shikinami/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=大日本帝国軍 主要兵器 |language=ja}}</ref>

During the action, a spread of torpedoes from ''Mogami'' that missed the allied cruisers accidentally hit and sank a Japanese minesweeper and four troop transport; more damage to Japanese forces that any of the allied ships managed to inflict. Three of the transports were later raised and repaired.<ref name=":11" />

The Dutch destroyer [[HNLMS Evertsen (1926)|HNLMS ''Evertsen'']] had been scheduled to depart Tanjung Priok with the cruisers, but was delayed, and she followed them about two hours later.  Her crew sighted the gunfire of the main action, and her captain managed to evade the Japanese main force.  However, ''Evertsen'' was then engaged by the ''Murakumo'' and ''Shirakumo'', still thirsty for blood after helping to sink ''Perth'', in the Strait. On fire and in a sinking condition after at least seven 5-inch (127 mm) shell hits, ''Evertsen'' grounded herself on a reef near [[Sebuku (Sumatra)|Sebuku Island]].  The surviving crew abandoned ship just as the aft [[Magazine (artillery)#Naval magazines|magazine]] exploded and the destroyer fully sank.<ref name=":11" />
[[File:MyokoandAshigara.jpg|thumb|''[[Japanese cruiser Myōkō|Myōkō]]'' and ''[[Japanese cruiser Ashigara|Ashigara]]'' firing on the crippled ''Exeter'', 1 March 1942]]

===Second Battle of the Java Sea===
{{Main|Second Battle of the Java Sea}}
[[File:Exeter sinking.jpg|thumb|''Exeter'' sinking, taken from ''Myōkō's'' floatplane]]
The ''Exeter'', still crippled from ''Haguro's'' shell hit, was continuing for safety in [[Ceylon]], and had traversed almost the entire Java Sea alongside the destroyers ''Encounter'' and ''Pope'', only to be located at 10:00 on 1 March by the heavy cruisers ''[[Japanese cruiser Myōkō|Myōkō]]'' and ''[[Japanese cruiser Ashigara|Ashigara]]'' and their escorting destroyers, and engaged in a two hour long gun battle which saw no hits scored on either side. Just before 12:00, the battle experienced ''Haguro'' and ''Nachi'' arrived on the scene and opened fire, and 4 minutes later ''Exeter'' was finally hit by an 8-inch (203 mm) shell that destroyed what was left of her boilers. Slowing to a stop, gunfire from the cruisers destroyed her electrical power and guns and set her on fire, leading to the crew scuttling ''Exeter''. Almost entirely out of ammo, ''Haguro'' and ''Nachi'' finally withdrew, while the destroyers ''Kawakaze'' and ''Yamakaze'' bombarded ''Encounter'', scoring hits that destroyed her steering gear and caused her to loose speed, and as ''Myōkō'' and ''Ashigara'' joined into the pounding, ''Encounter'' was sunk to overwhelming gunfire. ''Pope'' initially escaped, only to be crippled by aircraft from the light carrier ''[[Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō|Ryūjō]]'' and finished off by gunfire from ''Myōkō'' and ''Ashigara''.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=主要兵器 |first=大日本帝国軍 |date=2018-02-03 |title=江風【白露型駆逐艦 九番艦】Kawakaze【Shiratsuyu-class destroyer】 |url=https://japanese-warship.com/destroyer/kawakaze/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=大日本帝国軍 主要兵器 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pope I (DD-225) |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/p/pope-i.html |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=public1.nhhcaws.local |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File:USS Victoria (AO-46) fueling Clemson-class destroyers in 1942.jpg|thumb|The surviving American destroyers being refueled upon successfully reaching Australia, March 1942]]

===The end of ABDA fleet===
[[File:USS Edsall (DD-219) under fire and sinking on 1 March 1942 (80-G-178997).jpg|thumb|[[USS Edsall (DD-219)|USS ''Edsall'']] sinking, taken from ''[[Japanese cruiser Tone (1937)|Tone]]'']]
With the complete destruction of Admiral Doorman's fleet across the battles of the Java Sea and Sunda Strait, plus the death of Doorman himself by the hand of ''Haguro's'' torpedo battery, ABDA fleet as a whole was completely disbanded, and there was one thing left for the remaining allied warships stuck in the Dutch East Indies-run. All of the former ABDA fleet warships desperately fled the crumbling Dutch East Indies in hopes of reaching the safety of Australia. Many reached the ports of Sydney and Darwin successfully; among these lucky ships were the only allied survivors to the Java Sea battle, the four American destroyers ''John D. Edwards'', ''John D. Ford'', ''Alden'', and ''Paul Jones'', which while underway in the [[Bali Strait]] encountered the Japanese destroyers ''[[Japanese destroyer Hatsuharu (1933)|Hatsuharu]], [[Japanese destroyer Nenohi (1932)|Nenohi]], [[Japanese destroyer Wakaba (1934)|Wakaba]],'' and ''[[Japanese destroyer Hatsushimo (1933)|Hatsushimo]]'' and after a brief gunfight which inflicted no damage to either side successfully escaped to [[Fremantle]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alden (Destroyer No. 211) |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/a/alden.html |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=public1.nhhcaws.local |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IJN Hatsushimo: Tabular Record of Movement |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/hatsus_t.htm}}</ref>

However, many were not as lucky, Japanese forces raced to hunt down and destroy any allied vessels attempting to hide, starting immediately after the battle of Sunda Strait when the Japanese destroyers ''Fubuki'' and ''Hatsuyuki'' located the Dutch oil tanker ''Augustina'' and the British minesweepers ''Rahman'' and ''Sin Aik Lee'', sinking all three vessels without a fight. Simultaneously, land-based aircraft sank the seaplane tender [[USS Langley (CV-1)|USS ''Langley'']], while dive bombers from the aircraft carrier ''[[Japanese aircraft carrier Sōryū|Sōryū]]'' sank the fleet oilier [[USS Pecos (AO-6)|USS ''Pecos'']]. and helped to sink the destroyer [[USS Edsall (DD-219)|USS ''Edsall'']] alongside gunfire from the battleships ''[[Japanese battleship Hiei|Hiei]]'' and ''[[Japanese battleship Kirishima|Kirishima]]'' and the heavy cruisers ''[[Japanese cruiser Tone (1937)|Tone]]'' and ''[[Japanese cruiser Chikuma (1938)|Chikuma]]''. Later, the destroyers ''[[Japanese destroyer Kasumi (1937)|Kasumi]]'', ''[[Japanese destroyer Shiranui (1938)|Shiranui]]'', and ''[[Japanese destroyer Isokaze (1939)|Isokaze]]'' sank the Dutch freighter ''Modjokerto'', the destroyer ''[[Japanese destroyer Hayashio|Hayashio]]'' captured the Dutch cargo ship ''Speelman'', and finally on 5 March the heavy cruiser ''Chikuma'' and the destroyer ''[[Japanese destroyer Urakaze (1940)|Urakaze]]'' sank the Dutch freighter ''Enggano''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IJN Soryu: Tabular Record of Movement |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/soryu.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IJN Urakaze: Tabular Record of Movement |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/urakaz_t.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=主要兵器 |first=大日本帝国軍 |date=2018-02-03 |title=初雪【吹雪型駆逐艦 三番艦】Hatsuyuki【Fubuki-class destroyer】 |url=https://japanese-warship.com/destroyer/hatsuyuki/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=大日本帝国軍 主要兵器 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=主要兵器 |first=大日本帝国軍 |date=2018-02-04 |title=天津風【陽炎型駆逐艦 九番艦】その1Amatsukaze【Kagero-class destroyer】 |url=https://japanese-warship.com/destroyer/amatsukaze/ |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=大日本帝国軍 主要兵器 |language=ja}}</ref>

Perhaps most notably was a mass raid conducted from 1-4 March by the heavy cruisers ''[[Japanese cruiser Takao (1930)|Takao]], [[Japanese cruiser Atago|Atago]]'', and ''[[Japanese cruiser Maya|Maya]]'' and the destroyers ''[[Japanese destroyer Nowaki (1940)|Nowaki]]'' and ''[[Japanese destroyer Arashi|Arashi]]'', which claimed 15 ships sunk or captured, known by Japanese sources as the battle of Tjilatjap, which started on the 1st when ''Nowaki'' and ''Arashi'' sank the Dutch cargo ships ''Tomohon'' and ''Pageri'', then later sank the British minesweeper ''Scott Harley'' and the Dutch freighter ''Toradjo'' and captured the Dutch freighter ''Bintoehan''. The next day, ''Takao'' and ''Atago'' sank the destroyer [[USS Pillsbury (DD-227)|USS ''Pillsbury'']], while ''Maya, Nowaki'', and ''Arashi'' sank the destroyer [[HMS Stronghold|HMS ''Stronghold'']]'','' while on the 3rd ''Nowaki'' and ''Arashi'' sank the gunboat [[USS Asheville (PG-21)|USS ''Asheville'']]. Finally on the 4th, all five ships raided a convoy destined for Australia, together sinking the sloop [[HMAS Yarra (U77)|HMAS ''Yarra'']], the oil tanker ''Fancol'', the depot ship ''Anking'', and the minesweepers ''M-3'' and ''M-51'' and captured the freighters ''Duymaer van Twist'' and ''Tjisaroea''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IJN ATAGO: Tabular Record of Movement |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/atago_t.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IJN MAYA: Tabular Record of Movement |url=http://www.combinedfleet.com/maya_t.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=主要兵器 |first=大日本帝国軍 |date=2018-02-04 |title=野分【陽炎型駆逐艦 十五番艦】その1Nowaki【Kagero-class destroyer】 |url=https://japanese-warship.com/destroyer/nowaki/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=大日本帝国軍 主要兵器 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=主要兵器 |first=大日本帝国軍 |date=2018-02-04 |title=嵐【陽炎型駆逐艦 十六番艦】その1Arashi【Kagero-class destroyer】 |url=https://japanese-warship.com/destroyer/arashi/ |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=大日本帝国軍 主要兵器 |language=ja}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |title=Netherland ship losses of all causes during 1914-1945 |url=https://www.world-war.co.uk/warloss_29hol.php}}</ref>

=== Scuttling of the Dutch Navy ===
As the increasingly successful invasion of the Dutch East Indies began to reach the port of Surabaya, many Dutch ships still at anchor were not in a condition to escape the port. In order to prevent capture, some 50 Dutch ships were scuttled in Surabaya. Among these was the destroyer ''Witte De With'', still damaged by air attacks. While many of these ships were salvageable enough for the Japanese to raise and repair them, the operation was very successful as most of their warships were either completely destroyed or unable to serve combat roles. However, it completely decimated the Dutch navy for the rest of the war, effectively ending its role in WW2 outside of a few surviving submarines which continued to operate with the US navy and Royal navy, and a few surviving destroyers, flotilla leaders and gunboats serving with the Royal navy.<ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch Warship Losses in the Dutch East Indies 1941-1942 |url=https://www.oocities.org/dutcheastindies/dutch_losses.html}}</ref>

===Consequences===
The Battle of the Java Sea ended significant Allied naval operations in Southeast Asia in 1942, and [[Battle of Java (1942)|Japanese land forces invaded Java]] on 28 February. The Dutch surface fleet was practically eradicated from Asian waters and the Netherlands would never reclaim full control of its colony.  The Japanese now controlled one of the most important food-producing regions (Java), and by conquering the Dutch East Indies, Japan also controlled the fourth-largest oil producing area in the world in 1940.

The U.S. and [[Royal Air Force]] retreated to Australia. Dutch troops, aided by British remnants, fought fiercely for a week. In the campaign the Japanese executed many Allied [[POW]]s and sympathizing Indonesians. Eventually, the Japanese won this decisive battle of attrition and ABDA forces surrendered on 9 March.