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Biofouling
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====Energy methods==== Pulsed laser irradiation is commonly used against [[diatoms]]. Plasma pulse technology is effective against zebra mussels and works by stunning or killing the organisms with microsecond-duration energizing of the water with high-voltage electricity.<ref name=stanczak/> Similarly, another method shown to be effective against algae buildups bounces brief high-energy acoustic pulses down pipes.<ref>{{citation|last1=Walch|first1=M.|last2=Mazzola|first2=M.|last3=Grothaus|first3=M.|year=2000|title=Feasibility Demonstration of a Pulsed Acoustic Device for Inhibition of Biofouling in Seawater Piping|publisher=Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Div.|location=Bethesda, MD|id=NSWCCD-TR-2000/04|url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA376166|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408130814/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA376166|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 April 2013|format=pdf|access-date=21 May 2012}}</ref>
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