Editing Brothers Grimm (section)

=== Themes and analysis ===
[[File:Hansel-and-gretel-rackham.jpg|thumb|left|"Hansel and Gretel" (1909), illustrated by [[Arthur Rackham]], was a "warning tale" for children.<ref name="D91ff" />]]The Grimms' legacy contains legends, [[novella]]s, and folk stories, the vast majority of which were not intended as children's tales. Von Arnim was concerned about the content of some of the tales—such as those that showed children being eaten—and suggested adding a subtitle to warn parents of the content. Instead the brothers added an introduction with cautionary advice that parents steer children toward age-appropriate stories. Despite von Arnim's unease, none of the tales were eliminated from the collection; the brothers believed that all the tales were of value and reflected inherent cultural qualities. Furthermore, the stories were didactic in nature at a time when discipline relied on fear, according to scholar [[Linda Dégh]], who explains that tales such as "[[Little Red Riding Hood]]" and "Hansel and Gretel" were written as "warning tales" for children.<ref name="D91ff">{{Harvnb|Dégh|1979|pp=91–93}}</ref>

The stories in {{lang|de|Kinder- und Hausmärchen}} include scenes of violence that have since been sanitized. For example, in the Grimms' original version of "[[Snow White]]", the Queen is Little Snow White's mother, not her stepmother, but still orders her Huntsman to kill Snow White (her biological daughter) and bring home the child's lungs and liver so that she can eat them; the story ends with the Queen dancing at Snow White's wedding, wearing a pair of red-hot iron shoes that kill her.<ref>Zipes (2014) – translation of the 1812 original edition of "Folk and Fairy Tales"</ref> Another story, "[[The Goose Girl]]", has a servant stripped naked and pushed into a barrel "studded with sharp nails" pointing inward and then rolled down the street.<ref name="NG" /> The Grimms' version of "[[The Frog Prince (story)|The Frog Prince]]" describes the princess throwing the frog against a wall instead of kissing him. To some extent the cruelty and violence may reflected the medieval culture from which the tales originated, such as scenes of witches burning, as described in "[[The Six Swans]]".<ref name="NG" />

[[File:Rumpelstiltskin-Crane1886.jpg|thumb|300px|"[[Rumpelstiltskin]]", shown here in an illustrated border by [[Walter Crane]], is an example of a "spinning tale".]]Tales with a spinning [[motif (folkloristics)|motif]] are broadly represented in the collection. In her essay "Tale Spinners: Submerged Voices in Grimms' Fairy Tales", Bottigheimer argues that these stories reflect the degree to which spinning was crucial in the life of women in the 19th century and earlier. Spinning, particularly of [[flax]], was commonly performed in the home by women. Many stories begin by describing the occupation of their main character, as in "There once was a miller", yet spinning is never mentioned as an occupation; this appears to be because the brothers did not consider it an occupation. Instead, spinning was a communal activity, frequently performed in a {{lang|de|Spinnstube}} (spinning room), a place where women most likely kept the oral traditions alive by telling stories while engaged in tedious work.<ref name="B142ff">{{Harvnb|Bottigheimer|1982|pp=142–146}}</ref> In the stories, a woman's personality is often represented by her attitude toward spinning; a wise woman might be a spinster and Bottigheimer writes that the [[Spindle (textiles)|spindle]] was the symbol of a "diligent, well-ordered womanhood".<ref>{{Harvnb|Bottigheimer|1982|p=143}}</ref> In some stories, such as "[[Rumpelstiltskin]]", spinning is associated with a threat; in others, spinning might be avoided by a character who is either too lazy or not accustomed to spinning because of her high social status.<ref name="B142ff" /><!-- this needs more work; or develop in the KHM article -->

The Grimms' work have been subjected to feminist critique. For example, [[Emma Tennant]] writes:
{{blockquote|But the worst of it was that two men—the Brothers Grimm—listened to these old tales told by mothers to their daughters; and they decided to record them for posterity. ... But the Brothers Grimm could understand only the tales of courage and manliness and chivalry on the part of the boys. The girls were relegated to virtues—Patient Griselda; or sheer physical beauty—Sleeping Beauty; Beauty and the Beast. Always we must read that our heroine is a Beauty.<ref>{{cite book|first=Emma|last=Tennant|authorlink= Emma Tennant |title=Tess|publisher= [[Flamingo (imprint)|Flamingo]]|date=1994|isbn= 978-0006546825|chapter=On the art of the spinster}}</ref>}}

The tales were also criticized for being insufficiently German, which influenced the tales that the brothers included and their use of language. But scholars such as Heinz Rölleke say that the stories are an accurate depiction of German culture, showing "rustic simplicity [and] sexual modesty".<ref name="NG" /> German culture is deeply rooted in the forest ({{lang|de|wald}}), a dark dangerous place to be avoided, most particularly the old forests with large oak trees, and yet a place where Little Red Riding Hood's mother sent her daughter to deliver food to her grandmother's house.<ref name="NG" /><!-- either something got lost here or it needs expansion -->

Some critics, such as Alistair Hauke, use [[Analytical psychology|Jungian analysis]] to say that the deaths of the brothers' father and grandfather are the reason for the Grimms' tendency to idealize and excuse fathers, as well as the predominance of female villains in the tales, such as the [[wicked stepmother]] and stepsisters in "Cinderella".<ref>{{Harvnb|Alister|Hauke|1998|pp=216–219}}</ref> However, this disregards the fact that they were collectors, not authors of the tales.{{fact|date=August 2024}}<!--The tag applies not to the fact that the Grimms 'were collectors, not authors of the tales', but to the argument that this disproves Hauke's position. An editor's making an objection of their own, however sensible we may find it, is original research.--> Another possible influence is found in stories such as "[[The Twelve Brothers]]", which mirrors the brothers' family structure of several brothers facing and overcoming opposition.<ref>{{Harvnb|Tatar|2004|p=37}}</ref> Some of the tales have autobiographical elements, and according to Zipes the work may have been a "quest" to replace the family life lost after their father died. The collection includes 41 tales about siblings, which Zipes says are representative of Jacob and Wilhelm. Many of the sibling stories follow a simple plot where the characters lose a home, work industriously at a specific task, and in the end find a new home.<ref>{{Harvnb|Zipes|1988|pp=39–42}}</ref>