Editing Camel (section)

====19th and 20th centuries====
[[File:Camels on the way to Catalca, 1912.jpg|thumb|alt= A photo of Bulgarian military-transport camels in 1912|A [[camel train|camel caravan]] of the [[Military of Bulgaria|Bulgarian military]] during the [[First Balkan War]], 1912]]

The [[United States Army]] established the [[U.S. Camel Corps]], stationed in [[California]], in the 19th century.<ref name=sandiegozoo /> One may still see stables at the [[Benicia Arsenal]] in [[Benicia, California]], where they nowadays serve as the Benicia Historical Museum.<ref name="military-museum">{{cite web | publisher = The California State Military Museum | title = The Posts at Benicia | access-date = 4 December 2012 | url = http://www.militarymuseum.org/Benicia.html | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120928195539/http://www.militarymuseum.org/Benicia.html | archive-date = 28 September 2012 }}</ref> Though the experimental use of camels was seen as a success ([[John B. Floyd]], [[Secretary of War]] in 1858, recommended that funds be allocated towards obtaining a thousand more camels), the outbreak of the [[American Civil War]] in 1861 saw the end of the Camel Corps: Texas became part of the Confederacy, and most of the camels were left to wander away into the desert.<ref name=mantz06 />

France created a ''[[méhariste]]'' camel corps in 1912 as part of the [[Army of Africa (France)|Armée d'Afrique]] in the Sahara<ref name="musee-de-l">{{cite web | publisher = Musée de l'infanterie | title = Vitrine N° 108 (partie droite): LES PELOTONS MEHARISTES | access-date = 5 December 2012 | url = http://www.musee-infanterie.com/vitrine/114-vitrine-n-108-partie-droite--les-pelotons-meharistes | language = fr | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130526202745/http://www.musee-infanterie.com/vitrine/114-vitrine-n-108-partie-droite--les-pelotons-meharistes | archive-date = 26 May 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> in order to exercise greater control over the camel-riding [[Tuareg]] and Arab insurgents, as previous efforts to defeat them on foot had failed.<ref name=brucehall>{{cite book | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 9781107002876 | last = Hall | first = Bruce S. | title = A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600–1960 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyracemusli00hall | url-access = limited | date = 6 June 2011 |page = [https://archive.org/details/historyracemusli00hall/page/n162 143]}}</ref> The [[Free French Camel Corps]] fought during [[World War II]], and camel-mounted units remained in service until the end of French rule over Algeria in 1962.<ref name=guillaume12>{{cite news|last= Guillaume |first= Philippe |title= L'incroyable épopée des méharistes français |trans-title=The incredible epic of the French méharistes |newspaper= BDSphère |access-date= 5 December 2012 |date= 16 June 2012 |url= http://www.bdsphere.fr/2012/06/16/lincroyable-epopee-des-meharistes-francais/ |language= fr |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130522103746/http://www.bdsphere.fr/2012/06/16/lincroyable-epopee-des-meharistes-francais/ |archive-date= 22 May 2013 }}</ref>

In 1916, the British created the [[Imperial Camel Corps]]. It was originally used to fight the [[Senussi]], but was later used in the [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign]] in [[World War I]]. The Imperial Camel Corps comprised infantrymen mounted on camels for movement across desert, though they dismounted at battle sites and fought on foot. After July 1918, the Corps began to become run down, receiving no new reinforcements, and was formally disbanded in 1919.<ref name="historygroup-nz-pages">{{cite web | publisher = History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage | title = Cameliers and camels at war | work = New Zealand History online | access-date = 5 December 2012 | date = 30 August 2009 | url = http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/camel-corps | pages = 1, 2, 4, 5 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120316110701/http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/camel-corps | archive-date = 16 March 2012 }}</ref>

In World War I, the British Army also created the [[Egyptian Camel Transport Corps]], which consisted of a group of Egyptian camel drivers and their camels. The Corps supported British war operations in [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]], Palestine, and Syria by transporting supplies to the troops.<ref name=woodward06 >{{cite book | publisher = University Press of Kentucky | isbn = 9780813123837 | last = Woodward | first = David R. | title = Hell in the Holy Land: World War I in the Middle East | url = https://archive.org/details/hellholylandworl00wood | url-access = limited | year = 2006 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/hellholylandworl00wood/page/n50 36], 39, 43, 56, 133}}</ref><ref name=murray20>{{cite book | publisher = J.M. Dent | last = Murray | first = Archibald James | title = Sir Archibald Murray's despatches (June 1916 – June 1917) | year = 1920 | url = https://archive.org/details/sirarchibaldmur00murrgoog | page = [https://archive.org/details/sirarchibaldmur00murrgoog/page/n155 123] | quote = A great deal of the work of supplying the troops on both fronts has been done by the Camel Transport Corps }}</ref><ref name=mcgregor06>{{cite book | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | isbn = 9780275986018 | last = McGregor | first = Andrew James | title = A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War | date = 30 May 2006 | page = [https://archive.org/details/militaryhistoryo00andr/page/215 215] | url = https://archive.org/details/militaryhistoryo00andr/page/215 }}</ref>

The [[Somaliland Camel Corps]] was created by colonial authorities in [[British Somaliland]] in 1912; it was disbanded in 1944.<ref name=fedresearchdiv04>{{cite book| edition = 3rd| publisher = Kessinger Publishing| isbn = 9781419147999| author = Federal Research Division| title = Somalia a Country Study| series = Area handbook series| date = 30 June 2004 | pages = 230–231}}</ref>

Bactrian camels were used by Romanian forces during [[World War II]] in the Caucasian region.<ref name="wwii-color">{{cite web|url=http://www.ww2incolor.com/Romanian+Forces/F_32844_l.html|title=Romanian troops using camels|work=WWII in Color|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054749/http://www.ww2incolor.com/Romanian+Forces/F_32844_l.html|archive-date=2013-09-21}}</ref> At the same period the Soviet units operating around [[Astrakhan]] in 1942 adopted local camels as draft animals due to shortage of trucks and horses, and kept them even after moving out of the area. Despite severe losses, some of these camels ended up as far west as to [[Battle of Berlin|Berlin itself]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://warhead.su/2020/03/02/nash-sovetskiy-verblyud-pokaraet|title=Наш советский верблюд покарает!|date=March 2, 2020|website=WARHEAD.SU|access-date=March 4, 2020|archive-date=March 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319171527/https://warhead.su/2020/03/02/nash-sovetskiy-verblyud-pokaraet|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Bikaner Camel Corps]] of [[British India]] fought alongside the [[British Indian Army]] in World Wars I and II.<ref name=indianetzone>{{cite news <!--cite web--> | last = Jupiter Infomedia Ltd| title = Bikaner Camel Corps, Presidency Armies in British India| work = IndiaNetzone| date = 28 November 2012<!--| access-date = 1 January 2015| url = http://www.indianetzone.com/64/bikaner_camel_corps.htm-->}}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The ''[[Tropas Nómadas]]'' (Nomad Troops) were an auxiliary regiment of [[Sahrawi people|Sahrawi]] tribesmen serving in the colonial army in Spanish Sahara (today [[Western Sahara]]). Operational from the 1930s until the end of the Spanish presence in the territory in 1975, the ''Tropas Nómadas'' were equipped with small arms and led by Spanish officers. The unit guarded outposts and sometimes conducted patrols on camelback.<!--Mainly info from "Tropas Nómadas" Wikipedia page, some info confirmed by the following references--><ref name=shelley07>{{cite journal| last = Shelley| first = Toby| title = Sons of the Clouds| journal = Red Pepper| access-date = 6 December 2012| date = December 2007| url = http://www.redpepper.org.uk/sons-of-the-clouds/| location = Location| url-status = live| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130520202141/http://www.redpepper.org.uk/sons-of-the-clouds/| archive-date = 20 May 2013}}</ref><ref name=hermandad>{{cite web|author=Hermandad de Veteranos Tropas Nómadas del Sáhara |work=Historia: Agrupación de Tropas Nómadas |title=Los Medios |trans-title=The Means |access-date=6 December 2012 |url=http://hermandadtropasnomadas.com/historia2-11.html |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055249/http://hermandadtropasnomadas.com/historia2-11.html |archive-date=21 September 2013 }}</ref>