Editing Capuchin monkey (section)

=== Theory of mind ===
{{Main|Theory of mind}}

The question of whether capuchin monkeys have a theory of mind—whether they can understand what another creature may know or think—has been neither proven nor disproven conclusively. If confronted with a ''knower-guesser'' scenario, where one trainer can be observed to know the location of food and another trainer merely guesses the location of food, capuchin monkeys can learn to rely on the knower.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Kuroshima | first = Hika |author2=Fujita, Kazuo |author3=Fuyuki, Akira |author4=Masuda, Tsuyuka |date=March 2002 | title = Understanding of the relationship between seeing and knowing by tufted capuchin monkeys (''Cebus apella'') | journal = Animal Cognition | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–48 | doi = 10.1007/s10071-001-0123-6  | pmid = 11957401 | s2cid = 10783449 | issn = 1435-9448 }}</ref> This has, however, been repudiated as conclusive evidence for a theory of mind as the monkeys may have learned to discriminate knower and guess by other means.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Heyes, C. M. |year=1998 |title=Theory Of Mind In Nonhuman Primates |journal=Behavioral and Brain Sciences|doi=10.1017/S0140525X98000703 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pmid=10097012 |pages=101–14 |s2cid=6469633 |url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/117063/1/download.14pdf.pdf }}</ref> Until recently it was believed that non-human [[hominidae|great ape]]s did not possess a theory of mind either, although recent research indicates this may not be correct.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jabr|first=Ferris|title=Clever critters: Bonobos that share, brainy bugs and social dogs|url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2010/06/08/clever-critters-bonobos-that-share-brainy-bugs-and-social-dogs/|publisher=Scientific American|date=8 June 2010}}</ref> Human children commonly develop a theory of mind around the ages 3 and 4.