Editing Castling (section)

==Examples==

===Korchnoi vs. Karpov===
[[Viktor Korchnoi]], in his [[World Chess Championship 1975#1974 Candidates tournament|1974 Candidates final]] match with [[Anatoly Karpov]], asked the [[Arbiter (chess)|arbiter]] if castling was legal when the castling rook was under attack.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1067831 |title=Korchnoi vs. Karpov, Moscow 1974 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] }}</ref> The arbiter answered in the affirmative, Korchnoi executed the move, and Karpov resigned shortly after.<ref>{{cite web|title=Castling Confuses Even Grandmasters|date=16 July 1995|author=Larry Evans|author-link=Larry Evans (chess grandmaster)|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1995-07-16/entertainment/9507110283_1_rook-anatoly-karpov-castle|publisher=Sun Sentinel|access-date=2015-10-21|archive-date=2015-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015211135/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1995-07-16/entertainment/9507110283_1_rook-anatoly-karpov-castle|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- This incident is said to be referenced in Korchnoi's ''Chess is My Life'' -->

===Heidenfeld vs. Kerins===
Castling occurred three times in the game [[Wolfgang Heidenfeld]]–[[Nick Kerins]], Dublin 1973. The third instance of castling, the second one by White, was illegal, as the white king had already moved. The game is as follows:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timkr.home.xs4all.nl/records/records.htm |title=Chess Records |publisher=Tim Krabbé}} (click on: "Greatest number of castlings")</ref>
{{block quote|1=1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Be3 Nf6 4.e5 Nfd7 5.f4 c5 6.c3 Nc6 7.Nf3 Qb6 8.Qd2 c4 9.Be2 Na5 10.'''0-0''' f5 11.Ng5 Be7 12.g4 Bxg5 13.fxg5 Nf8 14.gxf5 exf5 15.Bf3 Be6 16.Qg2 '''0-0-0''' 17.Na3 Ng6 18.Qd2 f4 19.Bf2 Bh3 20.Rfb1 Bf5 21.Nc2 h6 22.gxh6 Rxh6 23.Nb4 Qe6 24.Qe2 Ne7 25.b3 Qg6+ 26.Kf1 Bxb1 27.bxc4 dxc4 28.Qb2 Bd3+ 29.Ke1 Be4 30.Qe2 Bxf3 31.Qxf3 Rxh2 32.d5 Qf5 33.'''0-0-0''' Rh3 34.Qe2 Rxc3+ 35.Kb2 Rh3 36.d6 Nec6 37.Nxc6 Nxc6 38.e6 Qe5+ 39.Qxe5 Nxe5 40.d7+ Nxd7 {{chessAN|0–1}}}}

===Averbakh vs. Purdy===
{{Chess diagram  
| tright
|Averbakh vs. Purdy, 1960
|rd|  |  |  |kd|bd|  |rd
|pd|  |  |  |  |  |pd|pd
|  |  |pd|  |bd|pd|  |  
|  |  |  |  |pd|  |  |  
|  |  |pl|  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |pl|  |  |  |  |  
|pl|  |  |nl|pl|pl|  |pl
|  |rl|bl|  |kl|  |  |rl
| Black to move castled queenside, with the rook traversing the attacked b8-square.
}}
In the game [[Yuri Averbakh]]–[[Cecil Purdy]], [[Adelaide]] 1960,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1329062 |title=Averbakh vs. Purdy, Adelaide 1960 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] }}</ref> when Purdy castled queenside, Averbakh queried the move, pointing out that the rook had passed over an attacked square. Purdy indicated e8 and c8 and said, "The king", in an attempt to explain that this was forbidden only for the king.  Averbakh replied, "Only the king? Not the rook?" Averbakh's colleague [[Vladimir Bagirov]] then explained the castling rules to him in Russian, and the game continued.<ref>[[Cecil Purdy]], [https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/winter137.html#9621._Purdy_on_teaching_ "Doesn't Know the Moves!"], ''Chess World'', October 1960, p, 198, reproduced by [[Edward Winter (chess historian)|Edward Winter]], ''Chess Notes'' 9622</ref><ref>{{harvcol|Evans|1970|pp=38–39}}</ref><ref>{{harvcol|Lombardy|Daniels|1975|p=188}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Edward Lasker vs. Thomas===
{{Chess diagram  
| tright
|Ed. Lasker vs. Thomas, 1912
|rd|nd|  |  |  |rd|  |  
|pd|bd|pd|pd|qd|  |pd|  
|  |pd|  |  |pd|nl|  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |pl|  |  |nl|pl
|  |  |  |  |  |  |pl|  
|pl|pl|pl|  |bl|pl|  |rl
|rl|  |  |  |kl|  |kd|  
| Position after 17...Kg1
}}
In the game [[Edward Lasker]]–[[Sir George Thomas, 7th Baronet|Sir George Thomas]] (London 1912),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1259009 |title=Ed. Lasker vs. Thomas, London 1912 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] }}</ref> White could have [[checkmate]]d with 18.0-0-0{{chessAN|#}}, but he instead played 18.Kd2#.<ref>Edward Lasker, ''Chess for Fun and Chess for Blood'', Dover Publications, 1962, p. 120.</ref> (See [[Edward Lasker#Notable games|Edward Lasker's notable games]].)
{{clear}}

===Prins vs. Day===
{{Chess diagram  
| tright
|Prins vs. Day, 1968
|rd|  |  |  |kd|  |  |  
|  |bd|  |pd|  |pd|  |  
|pd|  |  |  |pd|  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |kl|  |pd|  
|  |  |pl|  |qd|  |  |  
|pl|  |  |  |pl|  |  |  
|  |pl|  |  |bl|  |  |  
|rl|  |rl|  |ql|  |  |  
| White to play
}}
The diagram shows the final position of the game [[Lodewijk Prins]]–[[Lawrence Day]] (1968), where White resigned.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1037399 |title=Prins vs. Day, Lugano 1968 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] }}</ref> Had the game continued, Black could have checkmated by castling:

:'''29. Kf6 Qf5+ 30. Kg7 Qg6+ 31. Kh8 0-0-0{{chessAN|#}}'''

(See [[Lawrence Day#Notable chess games|Lawrence Day's notable chess games]].)
{{clear}}

===Feuer vs. O'Kelly===
{{Chess diagram  
| tright
|Feuer vs. O'Kelly, 1934
|  |rd|bd|qd|kd|bd|  |rd
|  |  |pd|  |nd|  |pd|  
|pd|  |pd|pd|  |pd|  |  
|  |  |  |  |pd|  |  |pd
|  |  |  |pl|pl|  |  |pl  
|  |  |nl|ql|bl|nl|  |  
|pl|pl|pl|  |  |pl|pl|
|rl|  |  |  |kl|  |  |rl
| The game ended 10....Rxb2 11.dxe5 dxe5?? 12.Qxd8+ Kxd8 13.0-0-0+ and O'Kelly resigned since the rook is lost.
}}

In the 1934 [[Belgian Chess Championship|Belgian Championship]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1104131 |title=Feuer vs. O'Kelly, Liege 1934 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] }}</ref> Otto Feuer caught [[Albéric O'Kelly]] in the Thornton castling trap. In the position in the diagram, the game continued 10...Rxb2 11.dxe5 dxe5?? 12.Qxd8+ Kxd8 13.0-0-0+, and O'Kelly resigned. Feuer's last move simultaneously gave check and attacked the rook on b2.
{{clear}}

===Fischer vs. Najdorf===
{{Chess diagram  
| tright
|Fischer vs. [[Miguel Najdorf|Najdorf]] <br />[[15th Chess Olympiad|Varna Olympiad]], 1962
|rd|  |  |qd|kd|  |  |rd
|  |  |  |nd|  |pd|  |pd
|pd|  |  |  |  |pd|  |  
|  |  |bd|  |pd|nl|  |  
|ql|  |bl|  |pd|  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |pl
|pl|pl|  |  |  |pl|pl|  
|rl|  |bl|  |  |  |kl|  
| White to play    
}}
The diagram illustrates the consequences of losing castling rights. [[Bobby Fischer|Fischer]], with the white pieces, played 16.Ng7+ Ke7 17.Nf5+ Ke8.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1008414 |title=Fischer vs. Najdorf, Varna, 1962 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] }}</ref> Although all the pieces were now on the same squares, the two positions were not identical because Black, having moved his king, no longer had the right to castle.  White now had time to build pressure on the black king without worrying that the king might escape by castling.
{{clear}}