Editing Chʼol language (section)

=== Affixation ===

[[Affixation]] is the main way of word formation in Chʼol. There are [[prefixes]], [[infixes]] and [[suffixes]]. Suffixes are considerably more abundant than the other two.<ref name="Juan Jesús pp.64">Vázquez Álvarez, Juan Jesús. ''A Grammar of Chol, a Mayan Language''. Austin, Texas: University of Texas at Austin, 2011; pp.64</ref>

==== Prefixes ====

There are two derivational prefixes – the noun class markers ''aj-'' and ''x-.'' The former can go with proper names, nominalize verbs, and be prefixed to some terms that refer to animals. The latter can also go with proper names and with the name of some animals, but additionally it can be prefixed to the name of some trees and plants.<ref name="Juan Jesús pp.64"/>

{|-
| aj-Maria || 'proper name' || || || || || x-Maria || 'a proper name'
|-
| aj-Wañ || 'proper name' || || || || || x-Wañ || 'a proper name'
|-
| {{lang|ctu|aj-xujch'}} || 'the robber' || || || || || x-wax || 'the fox'
|-
| {{lang|ctu|aj-tsänsaj}} || 'the killer' || || || || || x-k'uk' || 'the quetzal'
|-
| {{lang|ctu|aj-'uch}} || 'the opossum' || || || || || x-ch'ujtye' || 'cedar'
|-
| {{lang|ctu|aj-kuj}} || 'the owl' || || || || || x-kulañtya || 'cilantro'
|}

In addition, [[Mayan languages#Subjects and objects|Set A]] inflections are prefixed to nouns (10a) and verbs (10b).<ref name="Juan Jesús pp.65">Vázquez Álvarez, Juan Jesús. ''A Grammar of Chol, a Mayan Language''. Austin, Texas: University of Texas at Austin, 2011; pp.65</ref>

{|-
| '''k'''-wex || || || || || mi || '''k'''-wäy-el
|-
| {{Smallcaps|a1}}-pants || || || || || {{Smallcaps|imfv}} || {{Smallcaps|a1}}-sleep-{{Smallcaps|nf}}
|-
| 'my pants' || || || || || colspan=2 | 'I sleep'
|}

==== Infixes ====

Infixation is used for [[passivization]] and as a mean of deriving numeral classifiers. First, some transitive roots reduce [[Valency (linguistics)|valence]] by infixing ''-j-'' into the root. This process is accompanied by a reduction of the number of core arguments from two to one, and the remaining argument referring to the patient is the subject of the verb.<ref name="Juan Jesús pp.65"/>

{|-
| tyi || i-'''päy'''-ä-y-oñ || || || || || tyi || pä{{angbr|'''j'''}}y-i-y-oñ
|-
| {{Smallcaps|prfv}} || {{Smallcaps|a3}}-call-{{Smallcaps|tv-ep-bv}} || || || || || {{Smallcaps|prfv}} || call{{Smallcaps|{{angbr|pas}}-iv-ep-b1}}
|-
| colspan=2 | 'S/he called me' || || || || || colspan=2 | 'I was called'
|}

For the other use of infixation, the derivations come mostly from positionals and verbs.

{|-
| jäl (POS) || 'large and thin' || || || || || jä'''j'''l || 'large and thin'
|-
| wol (V) || 'to round' || || || || || wo'''j'''l || 'rounded'
|-
| päk (V) || 'to fold' || || || || || pä'''j'''k || 'folded'
|}

==== Suffixes ====

There are many suffixes in Chʼol since suffixation is the main way of derivation and inflection. For instance, the suffix ''-añ'' on nouns can derive [[intransitive verbs]]. The suffix ''-is'' [[Causative|causativizes]] some intransitive verbs. The suffix ''-b'' derives ditransitive verbs, and ''-ty'' derives some intransitive verbs by passivization of the corresponding transitive verb.<ref>Vázquez Álvarez, Juan Jesús. ''A Grammar of Chol, a Mayan Language''. Austin, Texas: University of Texas at Austin, 2011; pp.66-67</ref>

{|-
| {{lang|ctu|wiñik}} (N) || 'man' || || || || || wiñik-'''añ''' (IV) || 'to be a man'
|-
| {{lang|ctu|wäy}} (IV) || 'to sleep' || || || || || wäy-'''is'''-añ (TV) || 'to make him/her sleep'
|-
| {{lang|ctu|mäñ}} (TV) || 'to buy' || || || || || pmäñ-'''b'''-eñ (DV) || 'to buy something for somebody'
|-
| {{lang|ctu|pejkañ}} (TV) || 'to talk to' || || || || || pejkäñ-'''ty'''-el (DI) || 'to be talked to'
|}