Editing Chhayavad (section)

== Notable authors ==
[[Jaishankar Prasad]], [[Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala']], [[Sumitranandan Pant]] and [[Mahadevi Varma]] are considered as the four pillars of the ''Chhayavadi'' school of Hindi literature.

=== Jaishankar Prasad ===
{{main|Jaishankar Prasad}}
[[File:Prasad Ji.png|thumb|90px|left|{{center|Prasad}}]]
Prasad was born in 1889 in Varanasi into a prosperous family with a strong association to [[Shaivism]]. His family's enterprise was focused on the trade of snuff and tobacco. His early education began at home, studying [[Sanskrit]], [[Hindi]], [[Persian language|Persian]], and [[Urdu]], before he got enrolled at Queen's College.

He had a deep interest in religion, history, archaeology, and gardening. Music was a lifelong inclination, and he appreciated both [[Indian classical music|classical]] forms and lighter styles. His works often include love in its diverse forms, the profound exploration of pain and anguish, the complexities of the human condition, the pursuit of spiritual ideals, and the examination of historical and mythological narratives—elements that are evident in both his poetry and prose.<ref>Singh, Rajendra (1982), pp.24-30</ref>

=== Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' ===
{{main|Suryakant Tripathi}}
[[File:Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'.jpg|thumb|100px|right|{{center|Nirala}}]]
Nirala was born towards the end of the 19th century at Mahishadal in [[Midnapore]] in [[Bengal Presidency]]. He independently started deciphering the grammar of modern standard Hindi by studying two Hindi journals available to him in Bengal: ''Sarasvatī'' and ''Maryādā''.

He revolutionized Hindi poetry by pioneering the use of free verse. Nirala's poetry illustrated a profound connection with the living spirits of nature. His mystical poems, rich with the devotion of medieval Bhakti poetry, explored nature within a metaphysical framework that aligned with his Advaita beliefs. Themes of minority subjectivity, social critique, and social upliftment also appeared frequently in his writings.<ref>Rubin, David (1976), pp.127-130</ref>

=== Sumitranandan Pant ===
{{main|Sumitranandan Pant}}
[[File:Sumitranandan Pant Ji.jpg|thumb|100px|left|{{center|Pant}}]]
Pant was born in [[Kausani]] in 1900. He grew up in a village and always cherished a love for the beauty and flavor of rural India, which is reflected in all his major works. He was known for romanticism in his poems which were inspired by nature, people and beauty within.

His works showcase a blend of innovation and emotional depth, marked by free verse and prose poems. Renowned for his vivid imagery, rhythmic variety, and charm, his contributions extend beyond poetry, highlighting his brilliance as a prose stylist, essayist, and critic.<ref>Mukhopadhyaya, Debabrata (1969), pp.21-24</ref>

=== Mahadevi Varma ===
{{main|Mahadevi Varma}}
[[File:Mahadevi Ji.jpg|thumb|100px|right|{{center|Mahadevi}}]]
Verma was born on 26 March 1907 in  [[Farrukhabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. She significantly impacted Hindi literature by refining the language and infusing poetry with heartfelt acceptance of Indian philosophy.

Her unique blend of emotional intensity, lyrical simplicity, and evocative imagery, along with her contributions as a translator and scholar, solidified her position as a leading figure of the Chhayavad movement. Her poetry, along with her work towards social upliftment and women's education, were depicted in her writings. These works greatly influenced both readers and critics.<ref>Schomer, Karine (1983), pp.158-185</ref>

===Others=== 
Other important figures of this literary movement were 

[[Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar']], widely regarded as a poet of rebellion, with his poetry often exuding heroic sentiment, he initially composed in the ''Chāyāvād'' style and is frequently cited as a major figure of the ''Chāyāvādottar'' period—the transitional phase between ''Chāyāvād'' and ''Uttar-Chāyāvād'' (Post-Chāyāvāda). His later work, based on the celestial nymph [[Urvashi]], also embodies the sensibilities of Chāyāvād.<ref>Damodar, Shrihari (1975)</ref>

[[Harivansh Rai Bachchan]] began his literary career under the influence of Chāyāvāda and gradually emerged as a prominent poet and writer of the Nayī Kavitā literary movement. In the later stages of his career, he became increasingly critical of Chāyāvād and became associated with other literary currents such as Pragativād.<ref>Castaing, Anne (2012)</ref>

[[Makhanlal Chaturvedi]] was an Indian poet, essayist, and journalist noted for his role in the Indian independence movement and his contribution to Chāyāvād. He received the first [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] in Hindi for ''Him Taraṅginī'' (1955).<ref>Kalbhor, Gopinath</ref>

[[Ramkumar Verma]], known for his historical one-act plays and poetry collections. His works reflect themes of sacrifice, love, service, and humanity, influenced by Gandhian ideals.<ref>George, K.M. (1995)</ref>

[[Pandit Narendra Sharma]] statred his career as a poet and towards the 1940s, he contributed lyrics to Hindi cinema and is widely recognized for his work in the [[Bollywood|film industry]].<ref>Sukumaran, Shradha </ref>