Editing Cod Wars (section)

==Legacy==
The 1976 agreement at the end of the Third Cod War forced the UK to abandon the "open seas" international fisheries policy it had previously promoted.<ref name="FishFights2019" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=7 March 2019|title=Privatising the seas: how the UK turned fishing rights into a commodity|url=https://unearthed.greenpeace.org/2019/03/07/fishing-brexit-uk-fleetwood/|access-date=15 October 2020|website=Unearthed|language=en-GB|archive-date=17 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017201527/https://unearthed.greenpeace.org/2019/03/07/fishing-brexit-uk-fleetwood/|url-status=live}}</ref> The British Parliament passed the [[Fishery Limits Act 1976]], declaring a similar 200-nautical-mile zone around its own shores,<ref name="Robin Churchill UNCLOS opinion">{{cite web |last=Churchill |first=Robin |date=November 2016 |title=Possible EU Fishery Rights in UK Waters And Possible UK Fishery Rights in EU Waters Post-Brexit: An Opinion Prepared for the Scottish Fishermen's Federation |url=http://www.sff.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Opinion-for-SFF-2016.pdf |access-date=26 August 2020 |publisher=Scottish Fishermen's Federation |page=15 |archive-date=18 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018124838/http://www.sff.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Opinion-for-SFF-2016.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{efn|In practice, the UK's EEZ can only reach its full 200-mile limit off the west coast of Scotland; everywhere else, it is shorter due to the proximity of neighbouring states, such as France, with which the UK has agreed on a boundary.<ref name="Robin Churchill UNCLOS opinion" /> Having joined the [[European Economic Community]] (the forerunner to the EU) in 1972, the UK had agreed to sharing access to its waters with all member states, and gaining access to the waters of other member states in return.<ref name="FishFights2019" /> In 1983, the EEC adopted the [[Common Fisheries Policy]]. The issue of fishing rights played a role in [[Brexit]] in 2016 and the subsequent [[trade negotiation between the UK and the EU]] (see [[Fish for finance]]).<ref name="FishFights2019" />|name=|group=}} a practice later codified into the [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea]] (UNCLOS), which provided similar rights to every sovereign nation.<ref name="FishFights2019">{{Cite web|last1=Forse|first1=Andy|last2=Drakeford|first2=Ben|last3=Potts|first3=Jonathan|title=Fish fights: Britain has a long history of trading away access to coastal waters|url=http://theconversation.com/fish-fights-britain-has-a-long-history-of-trading-away-access-to-coastal-waters-112988|access-date=15 October 2020|website=The Conversation|language=en|date=26 March 2019|archive-date=24 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024132115/http://theconversation.com/fish-fights-britain-has-a-long-history-of-trading-away-access-to-coastal-waters-112988|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="UN1998" />

The victories in the Cod Wars may have strengthened Icelandic nationalism and boosted the perception that Iceland can succeed through unilateral or bilateral means rather than compromise in multilateral frameworks, such as membership of the [[European Union]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Thorhallsson|first=Baldur|title=Iceland and European Integration: On the Edge|publisher=Routledge|year=2004}}</ref>{{efn|The European Union's [[Common Fisheries Policy]] is also cited by academics as one of the [[Iceland–European Union relations#Explanations for Iceland's non-membership of the European Union|reasons discouraging Iceland from joining the European Union]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ingebritsen|first=Christine|title=The Nordic States and European Unity|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1998}}</ref><ref name=":02"/><ref name=":03">{{Cite book|last=Bergmann|first=Eirikur|title=Nordic Nationalism and Right-Wing Populist Politics|date=1 January 2017|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=9781137567024|pages=93–124|language=en|chapter=Iceland: Ever-Lasting Independence Struggle|doi=10.1057/978-1-137-56703-1_4}}</ref> The 2010 Mackerel War played a role in Iceland's [[Iceland–European Union relations#2013 election and withdrawal of application|withdrawal of its EU membership application the following year]].<ref name="HuffPost piece">{{cite news |last=Kaufman |first=Alexander C. |title=Brexit Could Spark The Next Big Fishing War |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/brexit-england-eu-fish_n_5d4dc719e4b0fd2733f030ef |newspaper=[[Huffington Post]] |date=18 August 2019 |access-date=14 March 2020 |archive-date=25 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525233544/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/brexit-england-eu-fish_n_5d4dc719e4b0fd2733f030ef |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mackerel War">{{cite news |last=Davies |first=Caroline |title=Britain prepares for mackerel war with Iceland and Faroe Islands |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/aug/22/britain-iceland-faroe-islands-mackerel-war |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=22 August 2010 |access-date=6 March 2020 |archive-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928023932/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/aug/22/britain-iceland-faroe-islands-mackerel-war |url-status=live }}</ref>|name=|group=}}

The Cod Wars are often mentioned in Icelandic and British news reporting when either state is involved in a fishery dispute or when there are disputes of some sort between the two countries. The Cod Wars were extensively covered by media during the [[Icesave dispute|Icesave dispute between Iceland and the UK]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Loftsdóttir |first=Kristín |date=14 March 2016 |title=Building on Iceland's 'Good Reputation': Icesave, Crisis and Affective National Identities |journal=Ethnos |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=338–363 |doi=10.1080/00141844.2014.931327 |s2cid=144668345 |issn=0014-1844}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7C_FAgAAQBAJ&q=%22cod+wars%22+%22icesave%22&pg=PA37 |title=Iceland and the International Financial Crisis: Boom, Bust and Recovery |last=Bergmann |first=E. |date=30 January 2014 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781137332004 |language=en |access-date=22 October 2020 |archive-date=23 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723203733/https://books.google.com/books?id=7C_FAgAAQBAJ&q=%22cod+wars%22+%22icesave%22&pg=PA37 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8552971.stm |title=Iceland holds referendum on Icesave repayment plan |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB |access-date=9 May 2017 |date=6 March 2010 |archive-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629150242/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8552971.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> and in preparation for the [[UEFA Euro 2016 knockout phase|Iceland–England match at the round of 16 in Euro 2016]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/06/26/when-tiny-iceland-did-beat-england-its-time-to-brush-up-on-the-cod-wars/ |title=When tiny Iceland did beat England: It's time to brush up on the Cod Wars |newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Sverrir |last=Steinsson |access-date=9 May 2017 |archive-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307082329/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/06/26/when-tiny-iceland-did-beat-england-its-time-to-brush-up-on-the-cod-wars/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://icelandmag.visir.is/article/celebrate-icelandic-victory-cod-wars-a-coast-guard-open-house-sunday |title=Celebrate Icelandic victory in the Cod Wars at a Coast Guard open house on Sunday |work=Icelandmag |access-date=9 May 2017 |language=en |archive-date=18 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618151849/http://icelandmag.visir.is/article/celebrate-icelandic-victory-cod-wars-a-coast-guard-open-house-sunday |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/euro-2016-england-vs-iceland-ready-to-go-to-war-40-years-after-cod-wars-a7104546.html |title=Iceland invoke the spirit of the Cod Wars in bid to beat England |date=26 June 2016 |work=The Independent|first=Mark |last=Ogden |access-date=9 May 2017 |language=en-GB |archive-date=16 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116074602/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/euro-2016-england-vs-iceland-ready-to-go-to-war-40-years-after-cod-wars-a7104546.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In February 2017, the crews of two ships involved in the Cod Wars, the [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] trawler ''[[Arctic Corsair]]'' and the Icelandic patrol ship [[ICGV Óðinn|ICGV ''Óðinn'']], exchanged bells in a gesture of goodwill and sign of friendship between the cities of Hull and Reykjavík. The event was part of a project by Hull Museums on the history between Iceland and the United Kingdom during and after the Cod Wars.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-humber-39031301 |title=Cod Wars fishing vessels to exchange bells in cooperation gesture |date=20 February 2017 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=9 May 2017 |language=en-GB |archive-date=6 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506031530/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-humber-39031301 |url-status=live }}</ref>