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==References== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Citation | last = Anderson | first = David | title = Was the Manchester Baby conceived at Bletchley Park? | publisher = British Computer Society | year = 2007 | url = http://bcs.org/upload/pdf/ewic_tur04_paper3.pdf | access-date = 25 April 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192838/http://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/ewic_tur04_paper3.pdf | archive-date = 23 September 2015 | url-status = dead }} * {{Citation | last = Budiansky | first = Stephen | year = 2000 | title = Battle of wits: The Complete Story of Codebreaking in World War II | publisher = Free Press | isbn = 978-0684859323 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/battleofwitscomp00budi }} * {{Citation | last = Budiansky | first = Stephen | author-link = Stephen Budiansky | title = Colossus, Codebreaking, and the Digital Age | year = 2006 |pages=52β63}} in {{harvp|Copeland|2006}} * {{Citation | last = Carter | first = Frank | title = Codebreaking with the Colossus Computer | publisher = Bletchley Park Trust | series = Bletchley Park Reports | volume = 1 | year = 2008 | edition = New | isbn = 978-1-906723-00-2 }} * {{Citation | last = Chandler | first = W. W. | title = The Installation and Maintenance of Colossus | journal = [[IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]] | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 260β262 | year = 1983 | doi = 10.1109/MAHC.1983.10083 | s2cid = 15674470 }} * {{Citation | last = Coombs | first = Allen W. M. | author-link = Allen Coombs | title = The Making of Colossus | journal = [[IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]] | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = 253β259 |date=July 1983 | url = http://www.ivorcatt.com/47d.htm | doi = 10.1109/MAHC.1983.10085 | s2cid = 597530 }} * {{Citation | last = Copeland | first = B. J. | author-link = Jack Copeland | title = Colossus: its origins and originators | journal = [[IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]] | volume = 26 | issue = 4 | pages = 38β45 |date=OctβDec 2004 | doi = 10.1109/MAHC.2004.26 | s2cid = 20209254 }} * {{Citation |editor-last=Copeland |editor-first=B. Jack |editor-link=Jack Copeland | title = Colossus: The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers | place = Oxford | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-0-19-284055-4 }} * {{Citation | last = Copeland | first = B. Jack | author-link = Jack Copeland | title = Introduction | year = 2006 |ref={{sfnref|Copeland "Introduction"|2006}}}} in {{harvp|Copeland|2006}} * {{Citation | last = Copeland | first = B. Jack | author-link = Jack Copeland | title = Machine against Machine | year = 2006 |ref={{sfnref|Copeland "Machine against Machine"|2006}}}} in {{harvp|Copeland|2006}} * {{Citation | last = Copeland | first = B. Jack | author-link = Jack Copeland | title = Turingery | year = 2006 |ref={{sfnref|Copeland "Turingery"|2006}}}} in {{harvp|Copeland|2006}} * {{Citation | last = Copeland | first = B. Jack | author-link = Jack Copeland |display-authors=etal | title = ''"Mr Newman's section"'' | year = 2006 |ref={{sfnref|Copeland et al.|2006}}}} in {{harvp|Copeland|2006}} * {{Citation |last=Copeland |first=B. Jack |author-link=Jack Copeland |title=Colossus: Breaking the German 'Tunny' Code at Bletchley Park. An Illustrated History |journal=The Rutherford Journal |volume=3 |year=2010}} * {{Citation |last=Copeland |first=B. Jack |author-link=Jack Copeland |title=Colossus and the Dawning of the Computer Age |year=2011 |pages=305β327}} in {{harvp|Erskine|Smith|2011}} * {{Citation | editor-last = Erskine | editor-first = Ralph | editor2-last = Smith | editor2-first = Michael | editor2-link = Michael Smith (newspaper reporter) | title = The Bletchley Park Codebreakers | publisher = Biteback Publishing Ltd | year = 2011 | isbn = 9781849540780}} Updated and extended version of ''Action This Day: From Breaking of the Enigma Code to the Birth of the Modern Computer'' Bantam Press 2001 * {{Citation | last = Fensom | first = Harry | title = How Colossus was Built and Operated β One of its Engineers Reveals its Secrets | year = 2006 |pages=297β303}} in {{harvp|Copeland|2006}} * {{Citation | last = Flowers |first= Thomas H. |author-link=Tommy Flowers |url=http://www.ivorcatt.com/47c.htm | title =The Design of Colossus |journal=Annals of the History of Computing |volume=5 |issue=3 |year= 1983|pages=239β252 |doi=10.1109/MAHC.1983.10079|s2cid= 39816473 }} * {{Citation | last = Flowers | first = Thomas H. | title = Colossus | year = 2006 }} in {{harvp|Copeland|2006}} * {{Citation | last = Gannon | first = Paul | title = Colossus: Bletchley Park's Greatest Secret | year = 2007 | place = London | publisher = Atlantic Books | isbn = 978-1-84354-331-2 }} * {{cite web| url = https://www.gchq.gov.uk/news/colossus-80| title = GCHQ Celebrates 80 Years of Colossus| date = 18 January 2024| publisher = GCHQ| access-date = 21 January 2024 |ref={{sfnref|GCHQ|2024}} }} * {{Citation | last = Goldstine | first = Herman H. | author-link = Herman H. Goldstine | title = The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann | publisher = Princeton University Press | year = 1980 | isbn = 978-0-691-02367-0 }} * {{Citation | last1 = Good | first1 = Jack | author-link = I. J. Good | last2 = Michie | first2 = Donald | author2-link = Donald Michie | last3 = Timms | first3 = Geoffrey | title = General Report on Tunny: With Emphasis on Statistical Methods | year = 1945 | id = UK Public Record Office HW 25/4 and HW 25/5}} ** {{cite web|ref=none |title=(facsimile) |url=http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/archive/index/tunnyreportindex.html |access-date=15 September 2010 |via=AlanTuring.net |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917074406/http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/archive/index/tunnyreportindex.html |archive-date=17 September 2010 |url-status=dead}} ** {{cite web|ref=none |last=Sale |first=Tony |author-link=Anthony Sale |title=Part of the "General Report on Tunny", the Newmanry History, formatted by Tony Sale| year=2001 |url=http://www.codesandciphers.org.uk/documents/newman/newman.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050515031645/http://www.codesandciphers.org.uk/documents/newman/newman.pdf |archive-date=2005-05-15 |url-status=live |access-date=20 September 2010 |via=codesandciphers.org.uk}} ** {{cite web|ref=none |title=General Report on Tunny, Part 1 |publisher=Graham Ellsbury |url=http://www.ellsbury.com/tunny/tunny-001.htm |access-date=30 November 2020}} ** {{cite web|ref=none |title=General Report on Tunny, Part 2 |publisher=Graham Ellsbury |url=http://www.ellsbury.com/tunny/tunny-037.htm |access-date=30 November 2020}} * {{Citation | last =Good |first=I. J. |author-link=I. J. Good| title =Early Work on Computers at Bletchley |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing|volume=1|issue=1|year= 1979|pages=38β48 |doi=10.1109/MAHC.1979.10011 |s2cid=22670337 }} * {{Citation|last=Good|first=I. J.|author-link=I. J. Good|chapter=Pioneering Work on Computers at Bletchley |editor1-first=Nicholas|editor1-last=Metropolis|editor2-first=J.|editor2-last=Howlett|editor3-first=Gian-Carlo |editor3-last=Rota|title=A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century|publisher=Academic Press |location=New York|year=1980|isbn=0124916503|url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcomputi0000inte}} * {{Citation | author-link=Gil Hayward|url=https://academic.oup.com/book/40641/chapter/348306582|url-access=subscription|last = Hayward | first = Gil | title = Operation Tunny | year = 1993 }} in {{Harvnb|Hinsley|Stripp|1993|pp = 175β192}} * {{Citation | editor-last = Hinsley | editor-first = F.H. | editor-link = Harry Hinsley | editor2-last = Stripp | editor2-first = Alan | year = 1993 | orig-year = 1992 | title = Codebreakers: The inside story of Bletchley Park | location = Oxford | publisher = Oxford University Press | url=https://academic.oup.com/book/40641 |url-access=subscription| isbn = 978-0-19-280132-6 }} * {{cite book | last = Kenyon | first = David | authorlink = | title = Bletchley Park and D-Day: The Untold Story of How the Battle for Normandy Was Won | publisher = Yale University Press | date = 2019 | location = New Haven and London | page = | pages = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-0-300-24357-4 }} * {{Citation | last = McKay | first = Sinclair | title = The Secret Life of Bletchley Park: The WWII Codebreaking Centre and the men and women who worked there | place = London | publisher = Aurum Press | year = 2010 | isbn = 9781845135393 }} * {{Citation | last = Randell | first = Brian | author-link = Brian Randell |chapter=Colossus: Godfather of the Computer|orig-year=1977|title=The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers|publisher= [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]]|location= New York|year= 1982|isbn=9783540113195 }} * {{Citation | last = Randell | first = Brian | author-link = Brian Randell | editor-last = Metropolis | editor-first = N. | editor-link = Nicholas Metropolis | editor2-last = Howlett | editor2-first = J. | editor2-link = Jack Howlett | editor3-last = Rota | editor3-first = Gian-Carlo | editor3-link = Gian-Carlo Rota | title = A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century | chapter = The Colossus | pages = [https://archive.org/details/historyofcomputi0000inte/page/47 47β92] | year = 1980 | publisher = Elsevier Science | chapter-url = http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/publications/books/papers/133.pdf | isbn = 978-0124916500 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofcomputi0000inte/page/47 }} * {{Citation | last = Randell | first = Brian | author-link = Brian Randell | title = Of Men and Machines | year = 2006 |pages=141β149}} in {{harvp|Copeland|2006}} * {{Citation | last = Sale | first = Tony | author-link = Tony Sale | editor1-last = Rojas | editor1-first = RaΓΊl | editor2-last = Hashagen | editor2-first = Ulf | title = The First Computers: History and Architecture | year = 2000 | publisher = The MIT Press | location = Cambridge, Massachusetts | isbn = 0-262-18197-5 | pages = 351β364 | chapter = The Colossus of Bletchley Park β The German Cipher System }} * {{citation|first= Albert W. |last=Small|url=http://www.codesandciphers.org.uk/documents/small/smallix.htm |title=The Special Fish Report|date=December 1944}} describes the operation of Colossus in breaking Tunny messages * {{Citation | last = Tutte | first = William T. | author-link = W. T. Tutte | year = 2006 | title = Appendix 4: My Work at Bletchley Park |pages=352β369}} in {{harvp|Copeland|2006}} * {{Citation | last = Wells | first = B | title = A Universal Turing Machine Can Run on a Cluster of Colossi | journal = Abstracts of the American Mathematical Society | volume = 25 | pages = 441 | year = 2004}} * {{Citation | last = Wells | first = Benjamin | title = ''"The PC-User's Guide to Colossus"'' | year = 2006 |pages=116β140}} in {{harvp|Copeland|2006}} {{refend}}
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