Editing Cosmic egg (section)

=== Cosmology ===
As the concept of a true [[initial singularity|singularity]] came under increasing criticism, alternative nonsingular "cosmic egg" ([[emergent Universe]]) scenarios started being developed.

* In 1913, [[Vesto Slipher]] published his observations that light from remote galaxies was [[redshift]]ed,<ref>
{{cite journal
 |last=Slipher |first=V. M.
 |date=1913
 |title=The radial velocity of the Andromeda Nebula
 |journal=[[Lowell Observatory Bulletin]]
 |volume=1 |issue=8
 |pages=56–57
 |bibcode=1913LowOB...2...56S
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite web
 |title=Vesto Slipher – American astronomer
 |website=Britannica
 |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vesto-Slipher
}}
</ref> which was [[Great Debate (astronomy)|gradually]] accepted as meaning that all galaxies (except [[Andromeda Galaxy|Andromeda]]) are receding from the Earth.

* [[Alexander Friedmann]] predicted the same consequence in 1922 from [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]]'s equations of [[general relativity]], once the previous ad-hoc [[cosmological constant]] was removed from it (which had been inserted to conform to the preconceived eternal, static universe).
* [[Georges Lemaître]] proposed in 1927 that the [[cosmos]] originated from what he called the ''primeval atom''.
* [[Edwin Hubble]] observationally confirmed Lemaître's findings two years later, in 1929.<ref>
{{cite web
 |title=Astronomer sleuth solves mystery of Big Cosmos discovery
 |website=[[Space.com]]
|date=14 November 2011
|url=https://www.space.com/13616-universe-expansion-discovery-hubble-lemaitre-mystery.html
}}
</ref>

* In the late 1940s, [[George Gamow]]'s assistant [[Cosmology|cosmological]] researcher [[Ralph Alpher]], proposed the name [[ylem]] for the primordial substance that existed between the [[Big Crunch]] of the previous universe and the [[Big Bang]] of our own universe.<ref>{{cite book |year=1988 |title=The Cosmos |page=75 |series=Voyage through the Universe |place=New York, NY |publisher=Time-Life Books}} {{full citation needed |date=November 2020 |reason=No author nor editor}}</ref> ''Ylem'' is closely related to the concept of [[supersymmetry]].<ref>
{{cite book
 |first=Edward |last=Harrison
 |date=2003-05-08
 |title=Masks of the Universe: Changing ideas on the nature of the cosmos
 |page=224
 |publisher=Cambridge University Press
 |isbn=9781139437424
 |via=Google Books, Germany
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tSowGCP0kMIC&q=ylem+supersymmetrie&pg=PA224
}}
</ref>