Editing Density (section)

== List of densities {{anchor|Densities}} ==

=== Various materials ===
{{About|the listing of only certain chemical elements|the densities of all chemical elements|List of chemical elements|section=yes}}

{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable col2center"
|+ Densities of various materials covering a range of values
|-
! Material
! ''ρ'' (kg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref group=note>Unless otherwise noted, all densities given are at [[standard conditions for temperature and pressure]],{{br}}that is, {{convert|273.15|K|C|abbr=on|lk=in}} and {{convert|100|kPa|atm|3|abbr=on}}.</ref>
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-0.08988
| [[Hydrogen]]                 || 0.0898 ||
|-
| [[Helium]]                   || 0.179  ||
|-
| [[Aerographite]]             || 0.2    || <ref group=note name=noair>Air contained in material excluded when calculating density</ref><ref>[http://phys.org/news/2012-07-carbon-nanotube-struructure-aerographite-lightest.html New carbon nanotube struructure aerographite is lightest material champ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017064205/http://phys.org/news/2012-07-carbon-nanotube-struructure-aerographite-lightest.html |date=October 17, 2013 }}. Phys.org (July 13, 2012). Retrieved on July 14, 2012.</ref><ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/technik/aerographit-leichtestes-material-der-welt-entwickelt-a-843819.html Aerographit: Leichtestes Material der Welt entwickelt – SPIEGEL ONLINE] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017083053/http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/technik/aerographit-leichtestes-material-der-welt-entwickelt-a-843819.html |date=October 17, 2013 }}. Spiegel.de (July 11, 2012). Retrieved on July 14, 2012.</ref>
|-
| [[Metallic microlattice]]    || 0.9    || <ref group=note name=noair/>
|-
| [[Aerogel]]                  || 1.0    || <ref group=note name=noair/>
|-
| [[Air]]                      || 1.2    || At sea level
|-
| [[Tungsten hexafluoride]]    || 12.4   || One of the heaviest known gases at standard conditions
|-
| [[Liquid hydrogen]]          || 70     || At approximately −255&nbsp;°C
|-
| [[Styrofoam]]                || 75     || Approximate<ref name="madsci1">{{cite web |url=http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/mar2000/954534602.Ph.r.html |title=Re: which is more {{sic|bou|yant|nolink=y}} styrofoam or cork |publisher=Madsci.org |access-date=September 14, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110214145901/http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/mar2000/954534602.Ph.r.html |archive-date=February 14, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Cork (material)|Cork]]     || 240    || Approximate<ref name="madsci1" />
|-
| [[Pine]]                     || 373    || <ref name="SerwayJewett2005">{{citation|first1=Raymond |last1=Serway|first2=John |last2=Jewett|title=Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VaroJ5BNuZAC|year=2005|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=0-534-49143-X|page=467|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517053840/https://books.google.com/books?id=VaroJ5BNuZAC|archive-date=May 17, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|-
| [[Lithium]]                  || 535    || Least dense metal
|-
| [[Wood]]                     || 700    || Seasoned, typical<ref name=wood0>{{cite web |url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/wood-density-d_40.html |title=Wood Densities |access-date=October 15, 2012 |work=www.engineeringtoolbox.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020065545/http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/wood-density-d_40.html |archive-date=October 20, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=wood1>{{cite web |title=Density of Wood |url=http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_wood.htm |access-date=October 15, 2012 |work=www.simetric.co.uk |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026115734/http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_wood.htm |archive-date=October 26, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Oak]]                      || 710    || <ref name="SerwayJewett2005"/>
|-
| [[Potassium]]                || 860    || <ref name="crc2ed">{{cite book |chapter=§1.3 Solids—Metals: Table 1-59 Metals and Alloys—Miscellaneous Properties |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xn8KbsgeFrwC&pg=PA117 |editor-first=Ray E. |editor-last=Bolz |editor2-first=George L. |editor2-last=Tuve |title=CRC Handbook of tables for Applied Engineering Science |publisher= CRC Press|edition=2nd |date=1970 |isbn=9781315214092 |pages=117 |url=}}</ref> 
|-
| [[Ice]]                      || 916.7  || At temperature <&nbsp;0&nbsp;°C<!-- Sourced from the "Ice" page -->
|-
| [[Cooking oil]]              || 910–930 ||
|-
| [[Sodium]]                   || 970    ||
|-
| [[Water]] (fresh)            || 1,000  || At 4&nbsp;°C, the temperature of its maximum density
|-
| [[Water]] (salt)             || 1,030  || 3%
|-
| [[Liquid oxygen]]            || 1,141  || At approximately −219&nbsp;°C
|-
| [[Nylon]]                    || 1,150  ||
|-
| [[Plastics]]                 || 1,175  || Approximate; for [[polypropylene]] and [[PETE]]/[[PVC]]
|-
| [[Glycerol]]                 || 1,261  || <ref>[http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Star/compos.pl?matno=174 glycerol composition at] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228142256/http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Star/compos.pl?matno=174 |date=February 28, 2013 }}. Physics.nist.gov. Retrieved on July 14, 2012.</ref>
|-
| [[Tetrachloroethene]]        || 1,622  ||
|-
| [[Sand]]                      || 1,600 || Between 1,600 and 2,000 <ref name="Sharma1997"/>
|-
| [[Magnesium]]                || 1,740  ||
|-
| [[Beryllium]]                || 1,850  ||
|-
| [[Silicon]]                  || 2,330  ||
|-
| [[Concrete]]                 || 2,400  || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/KatrinaJones.shtml|title=Density of Concrete - The Physics Factbook|website=hypertextbook.com}}</ref><ref name="YoungFreedman2012">{{cite book |first1=Hugh D. |last1=Young |first2=Roger A. |last2=Freedman |title=University Physics with Modern Physics |publisher=Addison-Wesley |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-321-69686-1 |pages=374 |url=}}</ref>
|-
| [[Glass]]                   || 2,500  || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2004/ShayeStorm.shtml|title=Density of Glass - The Physics Factbook|website=hypertextbook.com}}</ref>
|-
| [[Quartzite]]                || 2,600  || <ref name="Sharma1997"/>
|-
| [[Granite]]                  || 2,700  || <ref name="Sharma1997"/>
|-
| [[Gneiss]]                   || 2,700  || <ref name="Sharma1997"/>
|-
| [[Aluminium]]                || 2,700  ||
|-
| [[Limestone]]                || 2,750  || Compact<ref name=Sharma1997>{{citation|first=P.V. |last=Sharma|title=Environmental and Engineering Geophysics|year=1997|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn= 9781139171168|page=17|doi=10.1017/CBO9781139171168}}</ref>
|-
| [[Basalt]]                   || 3,000  || <ref name="Sharma1997"/>
|-
| [[Diiodomethane]]            || 3,325  || Liquid at room temperature
|-
| [[Diamond]]                  || 3,500  ||
|-
| [[Titanium]]                 || 4,540  ||
|-
| [[Selenium]]                 || 4,800  ||
|-
| [[Vanadium]]                 || 6,100  ||
|-
| [[Antimony]]                 || 6,690  ||
|-
| [[Zinc]]                     || 7,000  ||
|-
| [[Chromium]]                 || 7,200  ||
|-
| [[Tin]]                      || 7,310  ||
|-
| [[Manganese]]                || 7,325  || Approximate
|-
| [[Mild steel]]               || 7,850  ||
|-
| [[Iron]]                     || 7,870  ||
|-
| [[Niobium]]                  || 8,570  ||
|-
| [[Brass]]                    || 8,600  || <ref name="YoungFreedman2012"/>
|-
| [[Cadmium]]                  || 8,650  ||
|-
| [[Cobalt]]                   || 8,900  ||
|-
| [[Nickel]]                   || 8,900  ||
|-
| [[Copper]]                   || 8,940  ||
|-
| [[Bismuth]]                  || 9,750  ||
|-
| [[Molybdenum]]               || 10,220 ||
|-
| [[Silver]]                   || 10,500 ||
|-
| [[Lead]]                     || 11,340 ||
|-
| [[Thorium]]                  || 11,700 ||
|-
| [[Rhodium]]                  || 12,410 ||
|-
| [[Mercury (element)|Mercury]]|| 13,546 ||
|-
| [[Tantalum]]                 || 16,600 ||
|-
| [[Uranium]]                  || 19,100 ||
|-
| [[Tungsten]]                 || 19,300 ||
|-
| [[Gold]]                     || 19,320 ||
|-
| [[Plutonium]]                || 19,840 ||
|-
| [[Rhenium]]                  || 21,020 ||
|-
| [[Platinum]]                 || 21,450 ||
|-
| [[Iridium]]                  || 22,420 ||
|-
| [[Osmium]]                   || 22,570 || Densest natural element on Earth
|}
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{Clear}}

=== Others ===
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable col2center"
|-
! Entity
! ''ρ'' (kg/m<sup>3</sup>)
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| [[Interstellar medium]]  || data-sort-value="0.000000000000000000000000017" | {{val|1.7|e=-26}} || Based on 10{{sup|−5}} hydrogen atoms per cubic centimetre<ref name="JPL interstellar">{{cite web |url=http://interstellar.jpl.nasa.gov/interstellar/probe/introduction/neighborhood.html |title=Our Local Galactic Neighborhood |publisher=NASA |series=Interstellar Probe Project |year=2000 |access-date=2012-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131121061128/http://interstellar.jpl.nasa.gov/interstellar/probe/introduction/neighborhood.html |archive-date=2013-11-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Local Interstellar Cloud]] || data-sort-value="0.0000000000000000000005" | {{val|5|e=-22}} || Based on 0.3 hydrogen atoms per cubic centimetre<ref name="JPL interstellar"/>
|-
| [[Interstellar medium]]  || data-sort-value="0.0000000000000001" | {{val|1.7|e=-16}} || Based on 10{{sup|5}} hydrogen atoms per cubic centimetre<ref name="JPL interstellar"/>
|-
| The [[Earth]]            || 5,515 || Mean density.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+the+earth |title=Density of the Earth |publisher=wolframalpha.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051437/http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+the+earth |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[Earth's inner core]] || 13,000 || Approx., as listed in [[Earth]].<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+earth%27s+core |title=Density of Earth's core |publisher=wolframalpha.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051441/http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+earth%27s+core |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|-
| The core of the [[Sun]]  || 33,000–160,000 || Approx.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+sun%27s+core |title=Density of the Sun's core |publisher=wolframalpha.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017051337/http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=density+of+sun%27s+core |archive-date=October 17, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|-
| [[White dwarf]] star     || {{val|2.1|e=9}} || Approx.<ref name="osln">{{cite web |url=http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.pdf |title=Extreme Stars: White Dwarfs & Neutron Stars] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925204453/http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~jaj/Ast162/lectures/notesWL22.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-25 |first=Jennifer |last=Johnson |work=lecture notes, Astronomy 162 |publisher=[[Ohio State University]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Atomic nuclei]]        || {{val|2.3|e=17}} || Does not depend strongly on size of nucleus<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/HBASE/Nuclear/nucuni.html |title=Nuclear Size and Density |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706034134/http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/nucuni.html |archive-date=2009-07-06 |work=HyperPhysics |publisher=Georgia State University}}</ref>
|-
| [[Neutron star]]         || {{val|1|e=18}} ||
|}

=== Water ===
{{See also|Water (molecule)#Density of water and ice|l1=Water density}}

[[File:Water density metric conversion.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Ways of presenting the density of water using five metric units of length, volume, and mass]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Density of liquid water at 1 [[Atmosphere (unit)|atm]] pressure
|-
! Temp. (°C)<ref group=note>Values below 0&nbsp;°C refer to [[supercooling|supercooled]] water.</ref>
! Density (kg/m<sup>3</sup>)
|-
| −30 || 983.854
|-
| −20 || 993.547
|-
| −10 || 998.117
|-
| 0   || 999.8395
|-
| 4   || 999.9720
|-
| 10  || 999.7026
|-
| 15  || 999.1026
|-
| 20  || 998.2071
|-
| 22  || 997.7735
|-
| 25  || 997.0479
|-
| 30  || 995.6502
|-
| 40  || 992.2
|-
| 60  || 983.2
|-
| 80  || 971.8
|-
| 100 || 958.4
|}
Notes:
{{reflist|group=note}}

=== Air ===
{{Main article|Density of air}}
[[File:Air density vs temperature.svg|thumb|right|400px|Air density ''vs.'' temperature]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Density of air at 1 [[Atmosphere (unit)|atm]] pressure
|-
! ''T'' (°C)
! ''ρ'' (kg/m<sup>3</sup>)
|-
| −25 || 1.423
|-
| −20 || 1.395
|-
| −15 || 1.368
|-
| −10 || 1.342
|-
| −5  || 1.316
|-
|  0  || 1.293
|-
|  5  || 1.269
|-
|  10 || 1.247
|-
|  15 || 1.225
|-
|  20 || 1.204
|-
|  25 || 1.184
|-
|  30 || 1.164
|-
|  35 || 1.146
|}
{{clear}}

=== Molar volumes of liquid and solid phase of elements ===
[[File:Molar volumes of liquid-solid phase of elements.svg|thumb|left|1000px|Molar volumes of liquid and solid phase of elements]]

{{clear}}