Editing Dnipro (section)

==== The Jewish community and the 1905 pogrom ====
{{See also|1905 Russian Revolution}}
From 1792 Yekaterinoslav was within the [[Pale of Settlement]], the former Polish-Lithuanian territories in which Catherine and her successors enforced no limitation on the movement and residency of their Jewish subjects.<ref>Taylor, Philip S., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=OAFO9dJEFIsC&dq=Yekaterinoslav+1815&pg=PA2 Anton Rubinstein: A Life in Music]'', Indianapolis, 2007</ref> Within less than a century, a largely [[Yiddish]]-speaking Jewish community of 40,000 constituted more than a third of the city's population, and contributed a considerable share of its business capital and industrial workforce.<ref name="1107014220Riga">{{Cite book |last1=Riga |first1=Liliana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQcHmuuEK5sC&dq=Ekaterinoslav+industrial&pg=PA139 |title=The Bolsheviks and the Russian Empire |date=2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1107014220 |page=139 |language=en}}</ref>

Such apparent strength did not protect the community—members of whom had had the unpopular task of collecting government taxes and recruiting young men for the army<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Goldbrot |first=I. |date=1972 |title=The Jews in Ekaterinoslav–Dniepropetrovsk (Pages 21–40) |url=https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/ekaterinoslav/eka021.html |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=www.jewishgen.org}}</ref>— from communal violence.<ref name="Yekaterinoslav+Jews+Pogrom">{{Cite book |last1=Klier |first1=John Doyle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3D7CmSOMfIC&dq=Yekaterinoslav+Jews+Pogroms&pg=PA41 |title=Pogroms: Anti-Jewish Violence in Modern Russian History |last2=Lambroza |first2=Shlomo |date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52851-1 |page=41 |language=en}}</ref> In 1883, three days of rioting destroyed Jewish business, and persuaded many to temporarily leave the city. There was a return of anti–Semitic incitement among the Christian public in 1904, but attacks on community were, at that time, suppressed on the order of a liberal governor.<ref name=":6" />

In the widespread social unrest that followed the 1905 defeat in the [[Russo-Japanese War]], the political life of the city was dominated by the revolutionary opposition (including the Jewish Workers Socialist Party and the [[General Jewish Labour Bund|Bund]])<ref name=":6" /> and by the insurrectionary spirit of the nascent labor movement. The local [[Tsarist autocracy|czarist authorities]] were able to ride out the wave political protests and strikes, in part by playing on division between Jewish workers who predominated as clerks and artisans in the city, and Russian workers employed in the large suburban factories.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Surh |first=Gerald |date=2003 |title=Ekaterinoslav City in 1905: Workers, Jews, and Violence |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27672887 |journal=International Labor and Working-Class History |issue=64 |pages=139–166 |jstor=27672887 |issn=0147-5479}}</ref> There was a wave of anti-Semitic attacks. With the army intervening against Jewish defense groups, about 100 Jews were killed and two hundred wounded.<ref name=":6" />

According to local historian [[Andrii Portnov]], 40% of the local Yekaterinoslav population was Jewish in the years leading up to [[World War I]].<ref name="ukrainianweek109391">{{in lang|uk}} [https://tyzhden.ua/Society/109391 Dnipropetrovsk region. Pragmatic area], [[The Ukrainian Week]] (8 May 2014)</ref>