Editing Electron diffraction (section)

=== Kikuchi lines ===
{{main|Kikuchi lines}}

Kikuchi lines,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kainuma |first=Y. |date=1955|title=The Theory of Kikuchi patterns |url=https://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0365110X55000832 |journal=Acta Crystallographica |volume=8 |issue=5 |pages=247–257 |doi=10.1107/S0365110X55000832|bibcode=1955AcCry...8..247K |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Reimer" />{{Rp|pages=311–313}} first observed by [[Seishi Kikuchi]] in 1928,<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite journal |last=Kikuchi |first=Seishi |date=1928 |title=Electron diffraction in single crystals |journal=Japanese Journal of Physics |volume=5 |issue=3061 |pages=83–96}}</ref> are linear features created by electrons scattered both inelastically and elastically. As the electron beam interacts with matter, the electrons are diffracted via [[elastic scattering]], and also scattered [[inelastic scattering|inelastically]] losing part of their energy. These occur simultaneously, and cannot be separated – according to  the [[Copenhagen interpretation]] of quantum mechanics, only the probabilities of electrons at detectors can be measured.<ref name=":12">{{Citation |last=Faye |first=Jan |title=Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics |date=2019 |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/qm-copenhagen/ |encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-last=Zalta |editor-first=Edward N. |access-date=2023-09-26 |edition=Winter 2019 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University}}</ref><ref name=":13" /> These electrons form Kikuchi lines which provide information on the orientation.<ref name="Morniroli 2004"/>{{anchor|Figure 8}}[[File:KMapFCC.png|thumb|Figure 8: Kikuchi map for a [[face centered cubic]] material, within the stereographic triangle|alt=A Kukuchi map, which is a collage of diffraction patterns used to both determine crystal orientation and also to tilt to different orientations.]]

Kikuchi lines come in pairs forming Kikuchi bands, and are indexed in terms of the crystallographic planes they are connected to, with the angular width of the band equal to the magnitude of the corresponding diffraction vector <math>|\mathbf g|</math>. The position of Kikuchi bands is fixed with respect to each other and the orientation of the sample, but not against the diffraction spots or the direction of the incident electron beam. As the crystal is tilted, the bands move on the diffraction pattern.<ref name="Morniroli 2004"/> Since the position of Kikuchi bands is quite sensitive to crystal [[Orientation (geometry)|orientation]], they can be used to fine-tune a zone-axis orientation or determine crystal orientation. They can also be used for navigation when changing the orientation between zone axes connected by some band, an example of such a map produced by combining many local sets of experimental Kikuchi patterns is in [[#Figure 8|Figure 8]]; Kikuchi maps are available for many materials.