Editing Expression vector (section)

===Cell-free systems===
''E. coli'' [[cell lysate]] containing the cellular components required for transcription and translation are used in this ''in vitro'' method of protein production. The advantage of such system is that protein may be produced much faster than those produced ''in vivo'' since it does not require time to culture the cells, but it is also more expensive. Vectors used for ''E. coli'' expression can be used in this system although specifically designed vectors for this system are also available. Eukaryotic cell extracts may also be used in other cell-free systems, for example, the [[wheat germ]] cell-free expression systems.<ref>{{cite book |title=Current Protocols in Protein Science |volume= Chapter 5 |pages= 5.18.1–5.18.18 |year= 2006 |chapter=Chapter 5:Unit 5.18. Wheat Germ Cell-Free Expression System for Protein Production |doi= 10.1002/0471140864.ps0518s44 |pmid= 18429309 |vauthors=Vinarov DA, Newman CL, Tyler EM, Markley JL, Shahan MN |isbn= 978-0-471-14086-3|s2cid= 12057689 }}</ref> Mammalian cell-free systems have also been produced.<ref>{{cite book |year= 2015 |volume=1261 |pages=129–40 | doi= 10.1007/978-1-4939-2230-7_7 |vauthors=Brödel AK, Wüstenhagen DA, Kubick S |chapter=Cell-Free Protein Synthesis Systems Derived from Cultured Mammalian Cells |title = Structural Proteomics|pmid=25502197 |series= Methods in Molecular Biology |isbn= 978-1-4939-2229-1 }}</ref>