Editing Fact-checking (section)

=== Detecting fake news ===
{{Main|Fake news}}
The term [[fake news]] became popularized with the 2016 United States presidential election, causing concern among some that online media platforms were especially susceptible to disseminating disinformation and misinformation.<ref name=":2" /> Fake news articles tend to come from either satirical news websites or from websites with an incentive to propagate false information, either as clickbait or to serve a purpose.<ref name=EconomicPerspectives>{{Cite journal|last=Allcott|first=Hunt|date=2017|title=Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election." The Journal of Economic Perspectives|url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w23089.pdf|journal=The Journal of Economic Perspectives|volume=31|pages=211–235|doi=10.1257/jep.31.2.211|s2cid=32730475|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028192904/https://www.nber.org/papers/w23089.pdf|archive-date=28 October 2019|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref> The language, specifically, is typically more inflammatory in fake news than real articles, in part because the purpose is to confuse and generate clicks. Furthermore, modeling techniques such as [[N-gram|n-gram encodings]] and [[Bag-of-words model in computer vision|bag of words]] have served as other linguistic techniques to estimate the legitimacy of a news source. On top of that, researchers have determined that visual-based cues also play a factor in categorizing an article, specifically some features can be designed to assess if a picture was legitimate and provides us more clarity on the news.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Liu|first1=Huan|last2=Tang|first2=Jiliang|last3=Wang|first3=Suhang|last4=Sliva|first4=Amy|last5=Shu|first5=Kai|date=7 August 2017|title=Fake News Detection on Social Media: A Data Mining Perspective|work =ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter | language=en|arxiv=1708.01967v3|bibcode=2017arXiv170801967S}}</ref> There is also many social context features that can play a role, as well as the model of spreading the news. Websites such as "[[Snopes]]" try to detect this information manually, while certain universities are trying to build mathematical models to assist in this work.<ref name=EconomicPerspectives/>{{Main list|List of fact-checking websites}}
{{main cat|Fact-checking websites}}

Some individuals and organizations publish their fact-checking efforts on the internet. These may have a special subject-matter focus, such as [[Snopes.com]]'s focus on [[urban legend]]s or the [https://reporterslab.org Reporters' Lab] at Duke University's focus on providing resources to journalists.