Editing Financial analyst (section)

===Securities and Investment banking===
In securities and IB roles,<ref name="BLS1" /> it is lately preferred that, similarly, even to enter, analysts earn a Master of Finance or the [[Chartered Financial Analyst|CFA designation]]—in Europe, the [[Certified International Investment Analyst|CIIA]] also—with the MBA still common at senior levels.

Often, there are also regulatory requirements. For example, in the United States, sell-side or Wall Street research analysts must register with the [[Financial Industry Regulatory Authority]] (FINRA). In addition to passing the ''General Securities Representative Exam'' ([[Series 7 exam|Series 7]]), these candidates must pass the ''Research Analyst Examination'' ([[List of securities examinations#Registered representative level|Series 86/87]]) in order to publish research for the purpose of selling or promoting publicly traded securities.
For other jurisdictions, see [[List of securities examinations]].

For sector specialists—with approximately five years industry experience—less weight is placed on finance qualifications, as a relevant advanced degree or qualification in the field is often necessary.<ref name="Definitive Guide">[https://www.mergersandinquisitions.com/equity-research-recruiting/  Equity Research Recruiting: The Definitive Guide], Luis Miguel Ochoa</ref> (They will later be encouraged to earn the [[Chartered financial analyst|CFA]], CIIA, or MBA.) For example, [[Valuation (finance)#Valuing financial services firms|valuing financial service firms]] and  [[Valuation (finance)#Valuation of mining projects|valuing mining corporates]] requires specialized knowledge regarding their [[Business valuation standard|valuation-]], regulatory-, and [[accounting standard]]s; and, respectively, qualifications in [[actuarial science]],<ref>[https://www.actuarialsociety.org.za/career-paths-actuaries/ Career Paths for Actuaries]</ref> and [[mining engineering]] or [[Geologist|geology]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Inside the World of the Mining Analyst |url=https://www.investec.com/en_za/focus/beyond-wealth/inside-the-world-of-the-mining-analyst.html |website=Investec.com }}</ref> will then be required. [[Outline of industry|Other sectors]] may similarly require specific technical qualifications: e.g. [[Bachelor of pharmacy|in pharmacy]] / [[life sciences]] for [[:Category:Life sciences industry|"bio-tech"]];<ref>[https://www.mergersandinquisitions.com/biotech-equity-research/ Biotech Equity Research], Brian DeChesare</ref> in [[electronic engineering]] for (some) areas in "[[high tech]]" (e.g. [[semiconductors]]).<ref name="Definitive Guide" />

Many large teams will also include a [[Certified Public Accountant|CPA]] or [[Chartered Accountant|CA]] in a dedicated technical role.  (In [[Commonwealth of Nations|the Commonwealth]], the CA qualification is often sufficient to access (junior) analyst roles.<ref>See e.g. [https://www.saica.org.za/initiatives/competency-framework/pathways-to-relevance/career-paths "Career Paths"] as discussed by [[South African Institute of Chartered Accountants|SAICA]]</ref>) Banks often also recruit analysts with [[Qualified accountant|accounting qualifications]] to the middle office roles. The economics team is usually [[Chief economist|led]] by a [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in the discipline, while a [[Master of Economics|masters in economics]] is the typical requirement to join the team.