Editing Freedom to roam (section)

=====Norway=====
{{more citations needed section|date=September 2018}}

Everyone in Norway enjoys the right of access to, and passage through, uncultivated land in the countryside. The right is an old [[Customary law|consuetudinary]] law called the ''allemannsrett'' (lit. the everyman's right), that was codified in 1957 with the implementation of the [[Outdoor Recreations Act|Outdoor Recreation Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.regjeringen.no/en/doc/Laws/Acts/Outdoor-Recreation-Act.html?id=172932 |title=Outdoor Recreation Act |date=28 June 1957 |publisher=regjeringen.no |access-date=2011-09-29}}</ref> It is based on respect for the countryside, and all visitors are expected to show consideration for farmers and landowners, other users and the environment. In Norway the terms ''utmark'' and ''innmark'' divide areas where the right to roam is valid (''utmark'', literally something like "land outside [the boundaries]"/"[Out Field]") and where it is invalid or restricted (''innmark'', "land inside [the boundaries]"/"[In Field]"). The law specifies ''innmark'' thoroughly, and all areas not covered by this definition are defined as ''utmark'', generally speaking uninhabited and uncultivated areas. Cultivated land may only be crossed when frozen or covered in snow.

There are some basic rules that must be followed when camping in Norway:

* People are allowed to camp at least 150 metres away from the nearest inhabited house or cottage.
* [[Campfire]]s are not allowed in the forest areas between 15 April to 15 September, unless it ''obviously can not lead to a fire''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2015-12-17-1710 |title=Forskrift om brannforebygging |date=28 December 2012 |publisher=lovdata.no |access-date=2020-04-24 |language=no}}</ref>
* Tourists are allowed to stay in one spot for up to two days. After that, it is necessary to specifically ask for permission from the landowner. This rule excludes the mountains and the national parks.
*  With a motorhome or a camper, it is allowed to park and spend the night anywhere parking is allowed, including along a public road, unless camping is explicitly forbidden. Often this right is however limited to one or two overnight stays.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://nye.naf.no/bilferie-og-reise/camping/hvor-du-kan-overnatte-med-bobil-og-test | title=Her kan du overnatte med campingbil og telt &#124; NAF }}</ref>

In later years the right has come under pressure particularly around the [[Oslofjord|Oslo Fjord]] and in popular areas of Southern Norway. These areas are popular sites for holiday homes and many owners of coastal land want to restrict public access to their property. As a general rule, building and partitioning of property is prohibited in a 100-metre zone closest to the sea, but local authorities in many areas have made liberal use of their ability to grant exemptions from this rule. However, even if a land owner has been permitted to build closer to the shore, he may not restrict people from walking along the shore. Fences and other barriers to prevent public access are not permitted (but yet sometimes erected, resulting in heavy fines).

[[Canoeing]], [[kayaking]], [[rowing (sport)|rowing]] and [[sailing]] in rivers, lakes, and ocean are allowed. Motorised boats are only permitted in salt water. All waters are open for swimming – with the exception of lakes that are [[drinking water]] reservoirs (see for instance [[Maridalsvannet]]).

Wild berry foraging is part of the right. Picking cloudberries may, however, be restricted on privately owned land in northern parts of Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lovdata.no/lov/1957-06-28-16/§5 |title=Lov om friluftslivet (friluftsloven) §5 |date=1 July 1957 |publisher=lovdata.no |access-date=2020-04-24 |language=no}}</ref>

Hunting rights belong to the landowner, and thus hunting is not included in the right of free access. In freshwater areas such as rivers and lakes, the fishing rights belong to the landowner. Freshwater fishing  may only be conducted with the permission of the landowner and by those in possession of a fishing licence. Different rules apply for children under the age of 16. Children under the age of 16 have the right to fish without a licence, a right codified in 1992. This right was tried and upheld in a ruling from the Norwegian Supreme Court in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barns rett til fritt fiske etter lakse- og innlandsfiskloven |url=https://www.domstol.no/no/hoyesterett/avgjorelser/2004/hoyesterett-sivil/HR-2004-2115-A/ |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=www.domstol.no |language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dom i Høyesterett - barns rett til å fiske innenlandsfisk - Lovdata |url=https://lovdata.no/artikkel/dom_i_hoyesterett_-_barns_rett_til__fiske_innenlandsfisk/828 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=lovdata.no}}</ref>

In salt water areas there is free access to sports fishing using boats or from the shoreline. All fishing is subject to legislation to, among other things, protect biological diversity, and this legislation stipulates rules regarding the use of gear, seasons, bag or size limits and more.