Editing Gait analysis (section)

==Applications==
Gait analysis is used to analyze the walking ability of humans and animals, so this technology can be used for the following applications:

===Medical diagnostics===
'''Pathological gait''' may reflect compensations for underlying pathologies, or be responsible for causation of symptoms in itself. Cerebral palsy and stroke patients are commonly seen in gait labs. The study of gait allows diagnoses and intervention strategies to be made, as well as permitting future developments in [[rehabilitation engineering]].  Aside from clinical applications, gait analysis is used in professional sports training to optimize and improve athletic performance.

Gait analysis techniques allow for the assessment of gait disorders and the effects of corrective orthopedic surgery.<ref name=amen2018>{{cite journal |last1=Amen |first1=John |last2=ElGebeily |first2=Mohamed |last3=El.Mikkawy |first3=DaliaM. E. |last4=Yousry |first4=AhmedH |last5=El-Sobky |first5=TamerA |title=Single-event multilevel surgery for crouching cerebral palsy children: Correlations with quality of life and functional mobility |journal=Journal of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Research |date=2018 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=148 |doi=10.4103/jmsr.jmsr_48_18|s2cid=81725776 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Options for treatment of cerebral palsy include the artificial paralysis of spastic muscles using [[Botulin toxin|Botox]] or the lengthening, re-attachment or detachment of particular [[tendon]]s. Corrections of distorted bony anatomy are also undertaken ([[osteotomy]]).<ref name=amen2018/>

===Chiropractic and osteopathic uses===
Observation of gait is also beneficial for diagnoses in [[chiropractic]] and [[Osteopathic medicine in the United States|osteopathic]] professions as hindrances in gait may be indicative of a misaligned pelvis or sacrum. As the sacrum and ilium biomechanically move in opposition to each other, adhesions between the two of them via the [[sacrospinous ligament|sacrospinous]] or [[sacrotuberous ligaments]] (among others) may suggest a rotated pelvis. Both doctors of chiropractic and [[Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine|osteopathic medicine]] use gait to discern the listing of a pelvis and can employ various techniques to restore a full range of motion to areas involved in ambulatory movement. Chiropractic adjustment of the pelvis has shown a trend in helping restore gait patterns<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Herzog|first1=W|title=Quantifying the effects of spinal manipulations on gait using patients with low back pain.|journal=Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics|year=1988|volume=11|issue=3|pages=151–157|pmid=2969026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=RO|first1=Robinson|last2=W|first2=Herzog|last3=BM|first3=Nigg|title=Use of force platform variables to quantify the effects of chiropractic manipulation on gait symmetry.|journal=Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics|date=1 August 1987|volume=10|issue=4|issn=0161-4754|pmid=2958572|pages=172–6}}</ref> as has osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=MR|first1=Wells|last2=S|first2=Giantinoto|last3=D|first3=D'Agate|last4=RD|first4=Areman|last5=EA|first5=Fazzini|last6=D|first6=Dowling|last7=A|first7=Bosak|title=Standard osteopathic manipulative treatment acutely improves gait performance in patients with Parkinson's disease.|journal=The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association|date=1 February 1999|volume=99|issue=2|doi=10.7556/jaoa.1999.99.2.92|issn=0098-6151|pmid=10079641|pages=92–8|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Vismara|first1=Luca|last2=Cimolin|first2=Veronica|last3=Galli|first3=Manuela|last4=Grugni|first4=Graziano|last5=Ancillao|first5=Andrea|last6=Capodaglio|first6=Paolo|title=Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment improves gait pattern and posture in adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome|journal=International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine|date=March 2016|volume=19|pages=35–43|doi=10.1016/j.ijosm.2015.09.001}}</ref>

===Comparative biomechanics===
By studying the gait of non-human animals, more insight can be gained about the mechanics of locomotion, which has diverse implications for understanding the biology of the species in question as well as locomotion more broadly.

=== Gait as biometrics ===
Gait recognition is a type of behavioral biometric authentication that recognizes and verifies people by their walking style and pace. <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alzubaidi|first1=Abdulaziz|last2=Kalita|first2=Jugal|date=2016|title=Authentication of Smartphone Users Using Behavioral Biometrics|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comst.2016.2537748|journal=IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials|volume=18|issue=3|pages=1998–2026|doi=10.1109/comst.2016.2537748|arxiv=1911.04104|s2cid=8443300|issn=1553-877X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Advances in automatic gait recognition – IEEE Conference Publication|doi=10.1109/AFGR.2004.1301521|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/260069/1/nixon_fg2004.pdf|s2cid=13304163}}</ref> Advances in gait recognition have led to the development of techniques for forensics use since each person can have a gait defined by unique measurements such as the locations of ankle, knee, and hip.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bouchrika|first1=Imed|last2=Goffredo|first2=Michaela|last3=Carter|first3=John|last4=Nixon|first4=Mark|date=July 2011|title=On using gait in forensic biometrics|journal=Journal of Forensic Sciences|volume=56|issue=4|pages=882–889|doi=10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.01793.x|issn=1556-4029|pmid=21554307|s2cid=14357171}}</ref>

===Surveillance===
In 2018, there were reports that the [[Government of China]] had developed surveillance tools based on gait analysis, allowing them to uniquely identify people, even if their faces are obscured.<ref>{{cite news |work=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/bf75dd1c26c947b7826d270a16e2658a |title=Chinese 'gait recognition' tech IDs people by how they walk |first=Dake |last=Kang |access-date=June 15, 2020 |date=November 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Chinese tech can recognise your walk|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVfcM4XLIRM|language=en|access-date=2021-12-27}}</ref>