Editing Graphics card (section)

== Parts ==
[[File:SAPPHIRE Radeon HD 7970.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|right|A [[Radeon HD 7000 series|Radeon HD 7970]] with the main heatsink removed, showing the major components of the card. The large, tilted silver object is the GPU die, which is surrounded by RAM chips, which are covered in extruded aluminum heatsinks. Power delivery circuitry is mounted next to the RAM, near the right side of the card.]]
A modern graphics card consists of a [[printed circuit board]] on which the components are mounted. These include:

=== Graphics processing unit ===
{{Main|graphics processing unit}}

A '''graphics processing unit''' ('''GPU'''), also occasionally called '''visual processing unit''' ('''VPU'''), is a specialized [[electronic circuit]] designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the building of images in a [[frame buffer]] intended for output to a display. Because of the large degree of programmable computational complexity for such a task, a modern graphics card is also a computer unto itself.
[[File:S3 Graphics chrome 530 GT card (3044640155).jpg|thumb|A half-height graphics card]]

=== Heat sink ===
A [[heat sink]] is mounted on most modern graphics cards. A heat sink spreads out the heat produced by the graphics processing unit evenly throughout the heat sink and unit itself. The heat sink commonly has a fan mounted to cool the heat sink and the graphics processing unit. Not all cards have heat sinks, for example, some cards are liquid-cooled and instead have a water block; additionally, cards from the 1980s and early 1990s did not produce much heat, and did not require heat sinks. Most modern graphics cards need proper thermal solutions. They can be [[water-cooled]] or through heat sinks with additional connected heat pipes usually made of copper for the best thermal transfer.{{Cn|date=September 2022}}

=== Video BIOS ===
The [[video BIOS]] or [[firmware]] contains a minimal program for the initial set up and control of the graphics card. It may contain information on the memory and memory timing, operating speeds and voltages of the graphics processor, and other details which can sometimes be changed.{{Cn|date=September 2022}}

Modern Video BIOSes do not support full functionalities of graphics cards; they are only sufficient to identify and initialize the card to display one of a few frame buffer or text display modes. It does not support [[YUV]] to [[RGB]] translation, video scaling, pixel copying, compositing or any of the multitude of other 2D and 3D features of the graphics card, which must be accessed by software drivers.{{Cn|date=September 2022}}

=== Video memory ===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center;"
|-
! Type
! Memory clock rate ([[Hertz|MHz]])
! Bandwidth (GB/s)
|-
| '''[[DDR SDRAM|DDR]]'''
| 200–400
| 1.6–3.2
|- 
| '''[[DDR2 SDRAM|DDR2]]'''
| 400–1066
| 3.2–8.533
|- 
| '''[[DDR3 SDRAM|DDR3]]'''
|800–2133
| 6.4–17.066
|-
|[[DDR4 SDRAM|'''DDR4''']]
|1600–4866
|12.8–25.6
|- 
|[[DDR5 SDRAM|'''DDR5''']]
|4000-8800
|32-128
|-
| '''[[GDDR4]]'''
| 3000–4000
| 160–256
|- 
| '''[[GDDR5]]'''
| 1000–2000
| 288–336.5
|-
| '''[[GDDR5X]]'''
| 1000–1750
| 160–673
|- 
| '''[[GDDR6]]'''
| 1365–1770
| 336–672
|-
| '''[[High Bandwidth Memory|HBM]]'''
| 250–1000
| 512–1024
|}

The memory capacity of most modern graphics cards ranges from 2&nbsp;to 24 [[Gibibyte|GB]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/deep-learning-ai/products/titan-rtx/|title=NVIDIA TITAN RTX is Here|website=NVIDIA|access-date=2019-11-07|archive-date=2019-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108195829/https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/deep-learning-ai/products/titan-rtx/|url-status=live}}</ref> But with up to 32 GB as of the last 2010s, the applications for graphics use are becoming more powerful and widespread. Since video memory needs to be accessed by the GPU and the display circuitry, it often uses special high-speed or multi-port memory, such as [[Video RAM#Video DRAM (VRAM)|VRAM]], [[WRAM (memory)|WRAM]], [[SGRAM]], etc. Around 2003, the video memory was typically based on [[Double data rate|DDR]] technology. During and after that year, manufacturers moved towards [[DDR2 SDRAM|DDR2]], [[GDDR3]], [[GDDR4]], [[GDDR5]], [[GDDR5X]], and [[GDDR6 SDRAM|GDDR6]]. The effective memory clock rate in modern cards is generally between 2 and 15&nbsp;[[Hertz|GHz]].{{Cn|date=September 2022}}

Video memory may be used for storing other data as well as the screen image, such as the [[Z-buffering|Z-buffer]], which manages the depth coordinates in [[3D computer graphics|3D graphics]], as well as [[Texture (computer graphics)|textures]], [[vertex buffers]], and compiled [[Shader|shader programs]].

=== RAMDAC ===
The [[RAMDAC]], or random-access-memory digital-to-analog converter, converts [[digital signal (signal processing)|digital signal]]s to [[analog signal]]s for use by a computer display that uses analog inputs such as [[cathode-ray tube]] (CRT) displays. The RAMDAC is a kind of RAM chip that regulates the functioning of the graphics card. Depending on the number of [[bit]]s used and the RAMDAC-data-transfer rate, the converter will be able to support different computer-display refresh rates. With CRT displays, it is best to work over 75&nbsp;[[Hertz|Hz]] and never under 60&nbsp;Hz, to minimize flicker.<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.worldstart.com/tips/tips.php/1146
 |title        = Refresh rate recommended
 |access-date  = 2007-02-17
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070102032211/http://www.worldstart.com/tips/tips.php/1146
 |archive-date = 2007-01-02
 |url-status     = dead
}}</ref> (This is not a problem with LCD displays, as they have little to no flicker.{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}) Due to the growing popularity of digital computer displays and the integration of the RAMDAC onto the GPU die, it has mostly disappeared as a discrete component. All current LCD/plasma monitors and TVs and projectors with only digital connections work in the digital domain and do not require a RAMDAC for those connections. There are displays that feature analog inputs ([[Video Graphics Array|VGA]], component, [[SCART]], etc.) ''only''. These require a RAMDAC, but they reconvert the analog signal back to digital before they can display it, with the unavoidable loss of quality stemming from this digital-to-analog-to-digital conversion.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} With the VGA standard being phased out in favor of digital formats, RAMDACs have started to disappear from graphics cards.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}
[[File:HIS Radeon HD 5850 ports.jpg|thumb|A [[Radeon HD 5000 series#Desktop products|Radeon HD 5850]] with {{nowrap|a DisplayPort, HDMI and two DVI ports}}]]

=== Output interfaces ===
[[File:Gpu-connector.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2|[[Video-in video-out]] (VIVO) for S-Video (TV-out), Digital Visual Interface (DVI) for high-definition television (HDTV), and DE-15 for Video Graphics Array (VGA)]]
The most common connection systems between the graphics card and the computer display are:

==== Video Graphics Array (VGA) (DE-15) ====
[[File:DE-15 female.svg|thumb|Video Graphics Array ([[VGA connector|DE-15]])]]
{{Main|Video Graphics Array}}

Also known as [[D-subminiature|D-sub]], VGA is an analog-based standard adopted in the late 1980s designed for CRT displays, also called [[VGA connector]]. Today, the VGA analog interface is used for high definition video resolutions including [[1080p]] and higher. Some problems of this standard are [[Electromagnetic interference|electrical noise]], [[image distortion]] and [[sampling error]] in evaluating pixels. While the VGA transmission bandwidth is high enough to support even higher resolution playback, the picture quality can degrade depending on cable quality and length. The extent of quality difference depends on the individual's eyesight and the display; when using a DVI or HDMI connection, especially on larger sized LCD/LED monitors or TVs, quality degradation, if present, is prominently visible. [[Blu-ray]] playback at 1080p is possible via the VGA analog interface, if [[Image Constraint Token]] (ICT) is not enabled on the Blu-ray disc.

==== Digital Visual Interface (DVI) ====
[[File:DVI Connector Pinout.svg|thumb|[[Digital Visual Interface]] (DVI-I)]]
{{Main|Digital Visual Interface}}
Digital Visual Interface is a digital-based standard designed for displays such as flat-panel displays ([[Liquid crystal display|LCD]]s, plasma screens, wide [[high-definition television]] displays) and video projectors. There were also some rare high-end CRT monitors that use DVI. It avoids image distortion and electrical noise, corresponding each pixel from the computer to a display pixel, using its [[native resolution]]. It is worth noting that most manufacturers include a DVI-'''I''' connector, allowing (via simple adapter) standard RGB signal output to an old CRT or LCD monitor with VGA input.

==== Video-in video-out (VIVO) for S-Video, composite video and component video ====
[[File:MiniDIN-9 Diagram.svg|thumb|[[Mini-DIN connector#9-pin|VIVO connector]]|120x120px]]
{{Main|Video-in video-out}}
These connectors are included to allow connection with [[television]]s, [[DVD player]]s, [[videocassette recorder|video recorders]] and [[video game console]]s. They often come in two 10-pin [[mini-DIN connector]] variations, and the VIVO splitter cable generally comes with either 4 connectors ([[S-Video]] in and out plus [[composite video]] [[Video capture|in]] and out), or 6 connectors (S-Video in and out, [[YPbPr|component YP<sub>B</sub>P<sub>R</sub>]] out and composite in and out).

==== High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) ====
[[File:HDMI Connector Pinout.svg|thumb|[[High-Definition Multimedia Interface]]]]
{{Main|HDMI}}
HDMI is a compact audio/video interface for transferring [[uncompressed video]] data and compressed/uncompressed digital [[Uncompressed audio|audio]] data from an HDMI-compliant device ("the source device") to a compatible [[digital audio]] device, [[visual display unit|computer monitor]], [[video projector]], or [[digital television]].<ref name="HDMIFAQ">{{cite web|url=http://www.hdmi.org/learningcenter/faq.aspx|title=HDMI FAQ|publisher=HDMI.org|access-date=2007-07-09|archive-date=2018-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222200543/https://www.hdmi.org/learningcenter/faq.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> HDMI is a digital replacement for existing [[analog video]] standards. HDMI supports [[copy protection]] through [[High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection|HDCP]].

==== DisplayPort ====
[[File:DisplayPort Connector.svg|thumb|[[DisplayPort]] ]]

{{Main|DisplayPort}}
DisplayPort is a digital display interface developed by the [[VESA|Video Electronics Standards Association]] (VESA). The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a [[display device]] such as a [[computer monitor]], though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data.<ref name="ICCE">{{cite web|url=http://www.vesa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/ICCE-Presentation-on-VESA-DisplayPort.pdf|title=DisplayPort Technical Overview|date=January 10, 2011|publisher=VESA.org|access-date=23 January 2012|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010053/http://www.vesa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/ICCE-Presentation-on-VESA-DisplayPort.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
The VESA specification is [[royalty-free]]. VESA designed it to replace [[Video Graphics Array|VGA]], [[Digital Visual Interface|DVI]], and [[Low-voltage differential signaling|LVDS]]. Backward compatibility to VGA and DVI by using adapter [[dongles]] enables consumers to use DisplayPort fitted video sources without replacing existing display devices. Although DisplayPort has a greater throughput of the same functionality as [[High-Definition Multimedia Interface|HDMI]], it is expected to complement the interface, not replace it.<ref name="dpfaq">{{Cite news|title=FAQ Archive – DisplayPort|publisher=VESA|url=http://www.displayport.org/faq/faq-archive/|access-date=2012-08-22|archive-date=2020-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124200254/https://www.displayport.org/faq/faq-archive/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Direct2Dell_DPvsHDMI">{{cite web|url=http://en.community.dell.com/dell-blogs/direct2dell/b/direct2dell/archive/2008/02/19/46464.aspx|title=The Truth About DisplayPort vs. HDMI|work=dell.com|access-date=2013-03-13|archive-date=2014-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301024953/http://en.community.dell.com/dell-blogs/direct2dell/b/direct2dell/archive/2008/02/19/46464.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== USB-C ====
{{Main|USB-C}}

==== Other types of connection systems ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Type 
!Connector
!Description
|-
! [[Composite video]]
|[[File:Composite-video-cable.jpg|center|150x150px]]
| For display on analog systems with SD resolutions ([[PAL]] or [[NTSC]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://video.matrox.com/en/products/legacy|title=Legacy Products &#124; Matrox Video|website=video.matrox.com|accessdate=9 November 2023}}</ref> the [[RCA connector]] output can be used. The single pin connector carries all resolution, brightness and color information, making it the lowest quality dedicated video connection.<ref>{{cite web|title=Video Signals and Connectors|url=https://documentation.apple.com/en/soundtrackpro/usermanual/index.html#chapter=C%26section=2%26hash=apple_ref:doc:uid:SoundtrackPro-UserManual-90762CPE-1008751|publisher=Apple|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=26 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326040817/http://documentation.apple.com/en/soundtrackpro/usermanual/index.html#chapter=C%26section=2%26hash=apple_ref:doc:uid:SoundtrackPro-UserManual-90762CPE-1008751|url-status=live}}</ref> Depending on the card the [[SECAM]] color system might be supported, along with non-standard modes like [[PAL#PAL 60|PAL-60]] or [[NTSC#NTSC-N/NTSC50|NTSC50]].
|-
![[S-Video]]
|[[File:S-video-connection.jpg|center|135x135px]]
|For display on analog systems with SD resolutions ([[PAL]] or [[NTSC]]), the S-video cable carries two synchronized signal and ground pairs, termed '''Y''' and '''C''', on a four-pin [[mini-DIN connector]]. In composite video, the signals co-exist on different frequencies. To achieve this, the luminance signal must be low-pass filtered, dulling the image. As S-Video maintains the two as separate signals, such detrimental low-pass filtering for luminance is unnecessary, although the chrominance signal still has limited bandwidth relative to component video.
|-
!7P
|[[File:S-Video_7-pin_quasi-DIN_connector.JPG|center|65x65px]]
|Non-standard 7-pin mini-DIN connectors (termed "7P") are used in some computer equipment (PCs and Macs). A 7P socket accepts and is pin compatible with a standard 4-pin S-Video plug.<ref name="pin7">{{cite book |author=Keith Jack |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kp5J7G8kXN4C&q=Video%20demystified%3A%20a%20handbook%20for%20the%20digital%20engineer.%20Newnes.%20p.%2069.&pg=PA69 |title=Video demystified: a handbook for the digital engineer |publisher=Newnes |year=2007 |isbn=9780750678223}}</ref> The three extra sockets may be used to supply [[Composite video|composite (CVBS)]], an RGB or YPbPr video signal, or an [[I²C]] interface.<ref name="pin7" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pinoutguide.com/Video/svideo_7pin_pinout.shtml|title=ATI Radeon 7 pin SVID/OUT connector pinout diagram @ pinoutguide.com|website=pinoutguide.com|accessdate=9 November 2023}}</ref>
|-
!8-pin mini-DIN
|[[File:MiniDIN-8_Diagram.svg|alt=A MiniDIN-8 Diagram|center|65x65px]]
|The 8-pin mini-DIN connector is used in some [[ATI Radeon]] video cards.<ref name="8-pin">{{cite web |author=Pinouts.Ru |year=2017 |title=ATI Radeon 8-pin audio / video VID IN connector pinout |url=https://pinouts.ru/Video/ati_video_pinout.shtml&usg=ALkJrhjYg-klUa0V7qOqqbVPDHFy9Rdp5A}}</ref>
|-
! [[Component video]]
|[[File:Component_video_jack.jpg|center|150x150px]]
| It uses three cables, each with an RCA connector ([[YCbCr|YC<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub>]] for digital component, or [[YPbPr|YP<sub>B</sub>P<sub>R</sub>]] for analog component); it is used in older projectors, video-game consoles, and DVD players.<ref>{{cite web|title=How to Connect Component Video to a VGA Projector|url=http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/connect-component-video-vga-projector-1133.html|publisher=AZCentral|access-date=29 January 2016}}</ref> It can carry [[Standard-definition television|SDTV]] [[480i]]/[[576i]] and [[Enhanced-definition television|EDTV]] [[480p]]/[[576p]] resolutions, and [[High-definition television|HDTV]] resolutions [[720p]] and [[1080i]], but not [[1080p]] due to industry concerns about copy protection. Its graphics quality is equivalent to HDMI for the resolutions it carries,<ref>{{cite web|title=Quality Difference Between Component vs. HDMI|url=http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/81236-quality-difference-between-component-vs-hdmi|publisher=Extreme Tech|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=4 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204085155/http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/81236-quality-difference-between-component-vs-hdmi|url-status=live}}</ref> but for best performance for Blu-ray, other 1080p sources like [[Pay-per-view|PPV]], or [[Ultra-high-definition television|4K Ultra HD]], a digital display connector is required.
|-
! [[DB13W3]]
|[[File:DB13W3_Pinout.svg|center|200x200px]]
| An analog standard once used by [[Sun Microsystems]], [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]] and [[IBM]].
|-
! [[DMS-59]]
|[[File:DMS-59.jpg|center|200x200px]]
| A connector that provides a [[Digital Visual Interface|DVI]] or [[Video Graphics Array|VGA]] output on a single connector.
|-
![[DE-9]]
|[[File:Numbered_DE9_female_Diagram.svg|center|frameless|200x200px]]
|The historical connector used by [[Enhanced Graphics Adapter|EGA]] and [[Color Graphics Adapter|CGA]] graphics cards is a female nine-pin D-subminiature ([[DE-9]]). The signal standard and pinout are backward-compatible with CGA, allowing EGA monitors to be used on CGA cards and vice versa.
|}

=== Motherboard interfaces ===
{{Main|Bus (computing) | Expansion card}}
[[File:ATI Hercules Card 1986 (cropped and transparent).png|thumb|right|ATI ''Graphics Solution Rev 3'' from 1985/1986, supporting [[Hercules Graphics Card|Hercules]] graphics. As can be seen from the [[Printed circuit board|PCB]] the layout was done in 1985, whereas the marking on the central chip ''CW16800-A'' says "8639" meaning that chip was manufactured week 39, 1986. This card is using the [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA 8-bit (XT) interface]].]]

Chronologically, connection systems between graphics card and motherboard were, mainly:

* [[S-100 bus]]: Designed in 1974 as a part of the Altair 8800, it is the first industry-standard bus for the microcomputer industry.
* [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]]: Introduced in 1981 by [[IBM]], it became dominant in the marketplace in the 1980s. It is an [[8-bit computing|8-]] or [[16-bit computing|16-bit]] bus clocked at 8&nbsp;MHz.
* [[NuBus]]: Used in [[Macintosh II]], it is a [[32-bit computing|32-bit]] bus with an average bandwidth of 10 to 20&nbsp;MB/s.
* [[Micro Channel architecture|MCA]]: Introduced in 1987 by IBM it is a 32-bit bus clocked at 10&nbsp;MHz.
* [[Extended Industry Standard Architecture|EISA]]: Released in 1988 to compete with IBM's MCA, it was compatible with the earlier ISA bus. It is a 32-bit bus clocked at 8.33&nbsp;MHz.
* [[VESA Local Bus|VLB]]: An extension of ISA, it is a 32-bit bus clocked at 33&nbsp;MHz. Also referred to as VESA.
* [[Peripheral Component Interconnect|PCI]]: Replaced the EISA, ISA, MCA and VESA buses from 1993 onwards. PCI allowed dynamic connectivity between devices, avoiding the manual adjustments required with [[Jumper (computing)|jumpers]]. It is a 32-bit bus clocked 33&nbsp;MHz.
* [[Ultra Port Architecture|UPA]]: An interconnect bus architecture introduced by [[Sun Microsystems]] in 1995. It is a [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] bus clocked at 67 or 83&nbsp;MHz.
* [[USB]]: Although mostly used for miscellaneous devices, such as [[Computer data storage|secondary storage devices or peripherals]] and [[USB toys|toys]], USB displays and display adapters exist. It was first used in 1996.
* [[Accelerated Graphics Port|AGP]]: First used in 1997, it is a dedicated-to-graphics bus. It is a 32-bit bus clocked at 66&nbsp;MHz.
* [[PCI-X]]: An extension of the PCI bus, it was introduced in 1998. It improves upon PCI by extending the width of bus to 64&nbsp;bits and the clock frequency to up to 133&nbsp;MHz.
* [[PCI Express]]: Abbreviated as PCIe, it is a point-to-point interface released in 2004. In 2006, it provided a data-transfer rate that is double of AGP. It should not be confused with [[PCI-X]], an enhanced version of the original PCI specification. This is standard for most modern graphics cards.

The following table is a comparison between features of some interfaces listed above.
{{Clear}}
{{See also|List of device bandwidths#Computer buses}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Bus
! Width (bits)
! Clock rate ([[hertz|MHz]])
! Bandwidth (MB/s)
! Style
|-
| '''ISA XT'''
| 8
| 4.77
| 8
| Parallel
|- 
| '''ISA AT'''
| 16
| 8.33
| 16
| Parallel
|-
| '''MCA'''
| 32
| 10
| 20
| Parallel
|-
| '''NUBUS'''
| 32
| 10
| 10{{ndash}}40
| Parallel
|- 
| '''EISA'''
| 32
| 8.33
| 32
| Parallel
|-
| '''VESA'''
| 32
| 40
| 160
| Parallel
|-
| '''PCI'''
| 32{{ndash}}64
| 33{{ndash}}100
| 132{{ndash}}800
| Parallel
|-
| '''AGP 1x'''
| 32
| 66
| 264
| Parallel
|-
| '''AGP 2x'''
| 32
| 66
| 528
| Parallel
|-
| '''AGP 4x'''
| 32
| 66
| 1000
| Parallel
|-
| '''AGP 8x'''
| 32
| 66
| 2000
| Parallel
|-
| '''PCIe x1'''
| 1
| 2500 / 5000
| 250 / 500
| Serial
|-
| '''PCIe x4'''
| 1 × 4
| 2500 / 5000
| 1000 / 2000
| Serial
|-
| '''PCIe x8'''
| 1 × 8
| 2500 / 5000
| 2000 / 4000
| Serial
|- 
| '''PCIe x16'''
| 1 × 16
| 2500 / 5000
| 4000 / 8000
| Serial
|- 
| '''PCIe ×1 2.0'''<ref>PCIe 2.1 has the same clock and bandwidth as PCIe 2.0</ref>
| 1
|
| 500 / 1000
| Serial
|- 
| '''PCIe ×4 2.0'''
| {{times|1 x 4}}
| 
| 2000 / 4000
| Serial
|-
| '''PCIe ×8 2.0'''
| {{times|1 x 8}}
| 
| 4000 / 8000
| Serial
|-
| '''PCIe ×16 2.0'''
| {{times|1 × 16}}
| 5000 / 10000
| 8000 / 16000
| Serial
|-
| '''PCIe ×1 3.0'''
| 1
| 
| 1000 / 2000
| Serial
|- 
| '''PCIe ×4 3.0'''
| {{times|1 x 4}}
| 
| 4000 / 8000
| Serial
|-
| '''PCIe ×8 3.0'''
| {{times|1 x 8}}
| 
| 8000 / 16000
| Serial
|- 
| '''PCIe ×16 3.0'''
| {{times|1 x 16}}
| 
| 16000 / 32000
| Serial
|-
|'''PCIe ×1 4.0'''
|1
|
|2000 / 4000
|Serial
|-
|'''PCIe ×4 4.0'''
|1 × 4
|
|8000 / 16000
|Serial
|-
|'''PCIe ×8 4.0'''
|1 × 8
|
|16000 / 32000
|Serial
|-
|'''PCIe ×16 4.0'''
|1 × 16
|
|32000 / 64000
|Serial
|-
|'''PCIe ×1 5.0'''
|1
|
|4000 / 8000
|Serial
|-
|'''PCIe ×4 5.0'''
|1 × 4
|
|16000 / 32000
|Serial
|-
|'''PCIe ×8 5.0'''
|1 × 8
|
|32000 / 64000
|Serial
|-
|'''PCIe ×16 5.0'''
|1 × 16
|
|64000 / 128000
|Serial
|}