Editing Human migration (section)

=== Overview ===
Numerous causes impel migrants to move to another country. For instance, [[globalization]] has increased the demand for workers in order to sustain national economies. Thus one category of [[economic migrant]]s – generally from impoverished developing countries – migrates to obtain sufficient income for survival.<ref name="unfpa.org">{{Cite news|url=https://www.unfpa.org/migration|title=Migration|website=United Nations Population Fund}}</ref>{{request quotation|date=October 2018}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yeoh |first1=Brenda S. A. |last2=Huang |first2=Shirlena |last3=Lam |first3=Theodora |chapter=Transnational family dynamics in Asia |editor1-last=Triandafyllidou |editor1-first=Anna |title=Handbook of Migration and Globalisation |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1RMDwAAQBAJ |series=Handbooks on Globalisation Series |location=Cheltenham, UK |publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]] |date=2018 |page=416 |isbn=978-1785367519 |access-date=2018-10-29 |quote=[...]families may assume transnational morphologies with the strategic intent of ensuring economic survival or maximising social mobility. |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Such migrants often send some of their income homes to family members in the form of [[remittances|economic remittances]], which have become an economic staple in a number of developing countries.<ref>Jason de Parle, "A Good Provider Leaves", ''New York Times'', 22 Apr 2007.</ref> People may also move or are forced to move as a result of conflict, of [[human rights violations|human-rights violations]], of violence, or to escape persecution. In 2014, the UN Refugee agency estimated that around 59.5 million people fell into this category.<ref name="unfpa.org" /> Other reasons people may move include to gain access to opportunities and services or to escape extreme weather. This type of movement, usually from rural to urban areas, may be classed as [[internal migration]].<ref name="unfpa.org" />{{request quotation|date=October 2018}} Sociology-cultural and ego-historical factors also play a major role. In North Africa, for example, emigrating to Europe counts as a sign of social prestige. Moreover, many countries were former [[colony|colonies]]. This means that many have relatives who live legally in the (former) colonial [[metropole|metro pole]] and who often provide important help for immigrants arriving in that metropole.<ref>For example, [[Moroccans in France]], [[Filipino Americans|Filipinos in the United States of America]], [[Koreans in Japan]] or [[Samoans in New Zealand]].</ref>

Relatives may help with job research and with accommodation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geschiere |first=Peter |date=2020 |title="The African family is large, very large" mobility and the flexibility of kinship – examples from Cameroon |journal=Ethnography |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=335–354|doi=10.1177/1466138120938076 |s2cid=221039801 |doi-access=free |hdl=11245.1/2cabfab4-2255-41ec-8133-4a2498454ae7 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The geographical proximity of Africa to Europe and the long historical ties between Northern and Southern Mediterranean countries also prompt many to migrate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fanack |title=The Key Drivers of North African Illegal Migration to Europe |url=https://chronicle.fanack.com/specials/international-affairs/north-african-illegal-migration-to-europe/ |website=Fanack.com |access-date=14 Jul 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714172715/https://chronicle.fanack.com/specials/international-affairs/north-african-illegal-migration-to-europe/ |archive-date=14 July 2015 |quote=The proximity of North Africa to southern Europe, the liberal mobility policies of most European countries, and the historical links between northern and southern Mediterranean countries are all key factors encouraging people to migrate to Europe.}}</ref> Whether a person decides to move to another country depends on the relative skill premier of the source and host countries. One is speaking of [[positive selection]] when the host country shows a higher skill premium than the source country. On the other hand, negative selection occurs when the source country displays a lower skill premium. The relative skill premia define migrants selectivity. [[Age heaping]] techniques display one method to measure the relative skill premium of a country.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baten |first1=Jörg |last2=Stolz |first2=Yvonne Stolz |title=Brain drain, numeracy and skill premia during the era of mass migration: reassessing the Roy-Borjas model |journal=[[Explorations in Economic History]] |date=2012 |volume=49 |pages=205–220}}</ref> A number of theories attempt to explain the international flow of capital and people from one country to another.<ref name="Jennissen, R 2007">Jennissen, R. 2007. "Causality Chains in the International Migration Systems Approach." ''[[Population Research and Policy Review]]'' 26(4):411–436.</ref>