Editing Humility (section)

====Hinduism====
In Sanskrit literature, the virtue of humility is explained with many terms, some of which use the root word, {{lang|sa|नति}} ({{transliteration|sa|neti}}).<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite web| url = http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=humility+&trans=Translate&direction=AU  | language = sa | title = Humility | work =  English-Sanskrit Dictionary | location = Germany | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032532/http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=humility+&trans=Translate&direction=AU | archive-date=2016-03-04}}
|2={{cite web| url = https://sanskrit.inria.fr/MW/132.html | work = Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary | title = नति [nati] | location = France}}
}}</ref> {{langx|sa|नति}} comes from {{langx|sa|न ति|translation=No "Me" / I am not}}. Related words include {{lang|sa|विनति}} ({{transliteration|sa|viniti}}), {{lang|sa|संनति}} ({{transliteration|sa|samniti}}, humility towards), and the concept {{transliteration|sa|amanitvam}}, listed as the first virtue in the [[Bhagwad Gita|Bhagavad Gita]].<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.bhagavad-gita.org/Gita/verse-13-06.html|title=Bhagwad Gita 13.8–12}} See transliteration, and two commentaries.</ref> {{transliteration|sa|Amanitvam}} is a fusion word for "pridelessness" and the virtue of "humility".<ref>{{cite book | title = Hindu spirituality: Postclassical and modern | year = 2003 | editor-first1 = K. R. |editor-last1=Sundararajan | editor-first2 = Bithika |editor-last2=Mukerji |isbn = 978-81-208-1937-5 | pages = 403–405| publisher = Motilal Banarsidass Publ. }}</ref> Another related concept is {{transliteration|sa|namrata}} ({{lang|sa|नम्रता}}), which means ''modest and humble behavior''.

Different scholars have varying interpretations of {{transliteration|sa|amanitvam}}, humility, as a virtue in the Bhagavad Gita.<ref>{{cite journal | journal = Journal of Religious Ethics | volume =  34 | issue = 3 |pages = 373–395 | last = Gupta | first =  B. | title = Bhagavad Gitā as Duty and Virtue Ethics | year = 2006| doi = 10.1111/j.1467-9795.2006.00274.x }}</ref> For example, [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada|Prabhupada]] explains humility to mean one should not be anxious to have the satisfaction of being honored by others.<ref>{{cite book | title = Bhagavad Gita As It Is | year=1968 | author = A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada}}</ref> The material conception of life makes us very eager to receive honor from others, but from the point of view of a man in perfect knowledge—who knows that he is not this body—anything—honor or dishonor—pertaining to this body is useless.

Tanya Jopson explains {{transliteration|sa|amanitvam}}, humility, as lack of arrogance and pride, and one of twenty-six virtues in a human being that if perfected, leads one to a divine state of living and the ultimate truth.<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite book | title = Human Energy-Body Awareness: How Our Energy Body & Vibrational Frequency Create Our Everyday Life | first = Tanya | last = Jopson | date = 2011 | publisher = Tanya Jopson |isbn = 978-1-4663-3341-3 | quote = see Divine Qualities under Glossary}}
|2={{cite book | chapter = Epistemology and Ontology of Indian Psychology | title = Spirituality and Indian Psychology | pages =  163–184 | publisher = Springer | location = New York | last = Bhawuk | first =  D.P. | year = 2011}}
}}</ref>

[[Eknath Easwaran]] writes that the Gita's subject is "the war within, the struggle for self-mastery that every human being must wage if he or she is to emerge from life victorious",<ref>{{cite book | title = The Bhagavad Gita | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-58638-019-9 | translator-first = Eknath | translator-last = Easwaran | page = 15 | last1 = Easwaran | first1 = Eknath | publisher = Nilgiri Press }}</ref> and "The language of battle is often found in the scriptures, for it conveys the strenuous, long, drawn-out campaign we must wage to free ourselves from the tyranny of the ego, the cause of all our suffering and sorrow".<ref>{{cite book | title = The End of Sorrow: The Bahagavad Gita for Daily Living | volume = 1 | year = 1993 | isbn = 978-0-915132-17-1 | first = Eknath | last = Easwaran | page = [https://archive.org/details/endofsorrow00easw/page/24 24] | publisher = Nilgiri Press | url = https://archive.org/details/endofsorrow00easw }}</ref> To get in touch with your true self, whether you call that [[God]], [[Brahman]], etc., you have to let go of the ego. The [[Sanskrit]] word {{transliteration|sa|[[Ahamkara]]}} literally translates into The-sound-of-I, or quite simply the sense of the self or ego.

[[Mahatma Gandhi]] interprets the concept of ''humility'' in Hinduism much more broadly, where humility is an essential virtue that must exist in a person for other virtues to emerge. To Mahatma Gandhi, Truth can be cultivated, as well as Love, but Humility cannot be cultivated. Humility has to be one of the starting points. He states, "Humility cannot be an observance by itself. For it does not lend itself to being practiced. It is however an indispensable test of [[ahimsa]] (non-violence)." Humility must not be confused with mere manners; a man may prostrate himself before another, but if his heart is full of bitterness for the other, it is not humility. Sincere humility is how one feels inside, it's a state of mind. A humble person is not himself conscious of his humility, says Gandhi.<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite web| url= https://www.mkgandhi.org/swmgandhi/chap02.htm  | title = Humility |work=The Gita and Satyagraha: The Philosophy of Non-violence and The Doctrine of the Sword | author = Mahatma Gandhi}}
|2={{cite book | first = Stephen S. |last=Hall | title = Wisdom | year = 2010 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf | isbn = 978-0-307-26910-2 |at = Chapter 8}}
}}</ref>

[[Swami Vivekananda]], a 19th century scholar of Hinduism, argues that the concept of humility does not mean "crawling on all fours and calling oneself a sinner". In Vivekananda's Hinduism, each human being the Universal, recognizing and feeling oneness with everyone and everything else in the universe, without inferiority or superiority or any other bias, is the mark of humility.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Complete Works of the Swami Vivekananda | volume = 1  | year = 1915 | page = 343 | author = Swami Vivekananda }}</ref> To [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Dr. S Radhakrishnan]], humility in Hinduism is the non-judgmental state of mind when we are best able to learn, contemplate and understand everyone and everything else.<ref>{{cite book | title = Contemporary Indian Philosophy | year = 1936 | publisher = Allen & Sons | location = London | last1 = Radhakrishnan |first1=S.|last2= Muirhead |first2=J.H.}}</ref>