Editing Improvised explosive device (section)

===By delivery mechanism===

====Car====
{{Main|Car bomb}}
[[File:Iraq carbomb.jpg|thumb|[[Artillery shell]]s and gasoline cans discovered in the back of a pick-up truck in Iraq]]

A vehicle may be laden with explosives, set to explode by remote control or by a passenger/driver, commonly known as a [[car bombs|car bomb]] or vehicle-borne IED (VBIED, pronounced ''vee-bid''). On occasion the driver of the car bomb may have been coerced into delivery of the vehicle under duress, a situation known as a [[proxy bomb]]. Distinguishing features are low-riding vehicles with excessive weight, vehicles with only one passenger, and ones where the interior of the vehicles look as if they have been stripped down and built back up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Improvised explosive device Background, Counterefforts, Historical Usage |url=https://epapernews.org/en/improvised_explosive_device-2204440660 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109192434/https://epapernews.org/en/improvised_explosive_device-2204440660 |archive-date=January 9, 2022 |access-date=July 27, 2022 |website=EPaperNews}}</ref> Car bombs can carry thousands of pounds of explosives<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-17 |title=ISIS is dropping bombs with drones in Iraq |url=https://www.popsci.com/isis-is-dropping-bombs-with-drones-in-iraq/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Popular Science |language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321051942/https://www.popsci.com/isis-is-dropping-bombs-with-drones-in-iraq/|archive-date=March 21, 2023}}</ref> and may be augmented with [[Fragmentation (weaponry)|shrapnel]] to increase fragmentation.

[[ISIS]] has used truck bombs with devastating effects.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW_F2ntQOcQ| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010122035/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IW_F2ntQOcQ&feature=youtu.be| archive-date=2017-10-10 | url-status=dead|title=Drone View Of New ISIS Car Bombs in the Battle For Mosul|website=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGIiD-uG4oE| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405152710/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGIiD-uG4oE| archive-date=2017-04-05 | url-status=dead|title=ISIS Using Suicide Trucks To Destroy Iraqi Tanks (Mosul Battlefield)|last=Non Mirage Truth Vision|date=22 November 2016|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Havj9wD_-w|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319021541/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Havj9wD_-w|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 March 2017|title=+18 – "Islamic State" jihadists' VBIED attacks – March 2017 – Mosul, Iraq|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

====Boat (WBIED)====
Water-borne Improvised Explosive Devices (WBIED), i.e. boats carrying explosives, can be used against ships and areas connected to water. 

An early example of this type was the Japanese [[Shinyo (suicide boat)|Shinyo]] suicide boats during [[World War II]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oliver |first=Mark |date=2021-09-04 |title=Inside The Kamikaze, The Last-Ditch Suicide Attacks Of World War 2 Japan |url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/kamikaze-pilots |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=All That's Interesting |language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305074220/https://allthatsinteresting.com/kamikaze-pilots|archive-date=March 5, 2023}}</ref> The boats were filled <!-- Excessive use of the word "laden." Changed to filled. -->with explosives and attempted to ram Allied ships, sometimes successfully, having sunk or severely damaged several American ships by war's end. Suicide bombers used a boat-borne IED to attack the [[USS Cole bombing|USS Cole]]; US and UK troops have also been killed by boat-borne IEDs in Iraq.<ref name="Steinhofer" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6146844.stm |title=UK &#124; Iraq boat attack personnel named |work=BBC News |date=14 November 2006 |access-date=18 October 2009}}</ref> The [[Sea Tigers|Tamil Tigers Sea Tigers]] have also been known to use SWBIEDs during the [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]].{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}

WBIEDs have been used in the Red Sea.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.solaceglobal.com/report/water-borne-improvised-explosive-devices-wbied/ | title=Water Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (WBIED)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.maritimeglobalsecurity.org/media/1059/2023-11-24-interim-industry-transit-advice-srs-goa.pdf |title=1 INTERIM INDUSTRY TRANSIT ADVICE, SOUTHERN RED SEA, AND GULF OF ADEN – NOVEMBER 2023 |date=24 November 2023 |website=maritimeglobalsecurity.org |access-date=11 March 2024}}</ref>

====Animal====
{{Main|Animal-borne bomb attacks}}

Monkeys and [[war pig]]s were used as incendiaries around 1000 AD.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-15 |title=In Ancient Rome flaming war pigs were used to counter elephants |url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/09/15/ancient-rome-flaming-war-pigs-used-counter-elephants/ |access-date=2022-07-22 |website=The Vintage News |language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113210217/https://www.thevintagenews.com/2016/09/15/ancient-rome-flaming-war-pigs-used-counter-elephants/?firefox=1|archive-date= January 13, 2023}}</ref> More famously the "[[anti-tank dog]]" and "[[bat bomb]]" were developed during World War II. In recent times, a two-year-old child and seven other people were killed by explosives strapped to a horse in the town of Chita in [[Colombia]].<ref name="horsebomb">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3098746.stm |title='Horse bomb' hits Colombia town |work=BBC News |date=11 September 2003 |access-date=18 October 2009}}</ref> The carcasses of certain animals were also used to conceal explosive devices by the [[Iraqi insurgency (Iraq War)|Iraqi insurgency]].{{cn|date=June 2023}}

====Collar====
{{Redirect|Collar bomb|the 2021 Indian film|Collar Bomb (film)}}
IEDs strapped to the necks of farmers have been used on at least three occasions by guerrillas in Colombia, as a way of extortion.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3036664.stm |title=Experts defuse necklace bomb |work=BBC News |date=1 July 2003 |access-date=18 October 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/751237.stm |title='Necklace' bomb halts Colombia talks |work=BBC News |date=16 May 2000 |access-date=18 October 2009}}</ref> American [[pizza delivery]] man [[Brian Douglas Wells]] was killed in 2003 by an explosive fastened to his neck, purportedly under duress from the maker of the bomb.<ref>{{cite journal | first =John | last =Caniglia | date =11 July 2007 | title ="Brian Wells" Erie bombing 'victim' was in on bank robbery | journal =The Plain Dealer | url = http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2007/07/man_forced_to_rob_bank_with_a.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113210233/https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2007/07/man_forced_to_rob_bank_with_a.html|archive-date=January 13, 2023 }}</ref> In 2011 a schoolgirl in Sydney, Australia had a [[Mosman bomb hoax|suspected collar bomb attached to her]] by an attacker in her home. The device was removed by police after a ten-hour operation and proved to be a [[hoax]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/bomb-device-attached-to-mosman-schoolgirl-was-a-very-very-elaborate-hoax-20110804-1icbe.html|title='Bomb' device attached to Mosman schoolgirl was a 'very, very elaborate hoax'|work=smh.com.au|access-date=4 August 2011|date=4 August 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204111629/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/bomb-device-attached-to-mosman-schoolgirl-was-a-very-very-elaborate-hoax-20110804-1icbe.html|archive-date=February 4, 2023}}</ref>

====Suicide====
[[Suicide bombing]] usually refers to an individual wearing explosives and detonating them to kill others including themselves, the bomber will conceal explosives on and around their person, commonly using a [[suicide belt|vest]], and will use a timer or some other trigger to detonate the explosives. The logic behind such attacks is the belief that an IED delivered by a human has a greater chance of achieving success than any other method of attack. In addition, there is the psychological impact of child soldiers prepared to deliberately sacrifice themselves for their cause.<!-- This comment is not appropriate for this section and should be used in a corresponding section. --><ref name="Hunter" />

====Surgically implanted====
{{Main|Surgically implanted explosive device}}
In May 2012 American [[counter-terrorism]] officials leaked their acquisition of documents describing the preparation and use of surgically implanted improvised explosive devices.<ref name=DailyBeast2012-05-14>
{{cite news
| url         = http://www.thedailybeast.com//content/newsweek/2012/05/13/al-qaeda-s-body-bombs-al-asiri-s-next-threat.html
| title       = Ibrahim al-Asiri: The Body Bomb Menace
| publisher   = [[The Daily Beast]]
| date        = 14 May 2012
| access-date  = 14 May 2012
| quote       = Newsweek has learned that U.S. intelligence officials circulated a secret report that laid out in vivid detail how doctors working for al-Asiri had developed the surgical technique. An American government source familiar with the report described it as 15 to 20 pages, single spaced, and replete with schematics and pictures. "It was almost like something you’d see in Scientific American," the source said.
| author      = Daniel Klaidman, Christopher Dickey
}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20120514050214/http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2012/05/13/al-qaeda-s-body-bombs-al-asiri-s-next-threat.html mirror]</ref><ref name=Boing2012-05-14>
{{cite news
 |url=http://boingboing.net/2012/05/14/youre-the-bomb-surgically.html 
 |title=You da bomb! (surgically-implanted explosives) 
 |publisher=[[Boing boing]] 
 |date=14 May 2012 
 |access-date=14 May 2012 
 |quote=According to Newsweek, US intelligence officials report that al Qaeda's explosives expert Ibrahim al-Asiri and medical doctors have been designing bombs to be surgically implanted into the bodies of suicide bombers. The idea is that the technique would somehow foil airport scanners. Gives a whole new meaning to the phrase, "You da bomb!" 
 |author=David Pescovitz 
 |url-status=live
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517033413/http://boingboing.net/2012/05/14/youre-the-bomb-surgically.html
 |archive-date=17 May 2012
}}</ref><ref name=IBTimes-2012-05-14>{{cite news
 |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/340801/20120514/al-qaida-s-body-bombs-increase-fears.htm 
 |title=Al-Qaida's 'Body Bombs' increase Fears of Global Attacks by Master Bomb-Maker Ibrahim Hassan Tali al-Asiri 
 |work=[[International Business Times]] 
 |date=14 May 2012 
 |access-date=14 May 2012 
 |quote=Experts and intelligence sources say the terrorists could use the powerful explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate, known as PETN and insert it in the bodies of would-be suicide bombers. According to reports they would then be able to detonate the implanted explosives via injections. The bombs would not be detectable to airport body scanner, increasing risks of attacks similar to the 2011 September attack on the Twin Towers in New York and on the Pentagon. 
 |author=Anissa Haddadi 
 |url-status=live
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610051119/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/340801/20120514/al-qaida-s-body-bombs-increase-fears.htm
 |archive-date=10 June 2012
 }}</ref>
The devices were designed to evade detection.
The devices were described as containing no metal, so they could not be detected by X-rays.{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}

Security officials referred to bombs being surgically implanted into suicide bombers' "[[Abdominal obesity|love handles]]".<ref name=DailyBeast2012-05-14/>

According to the ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' UK security officials at [[Secret Intelligence Service|MI-6]] asserted that female bombers could travel undetected carrying the explosive chemicals in otherwise standard [[breast implant]]s.<ref name=TheMirror2012-05-14>{{cite news
 |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/doctors-trained-to-plant-explosives-inside-832010 
 |title=Breast bombers: Doctors trained to plant explosives inside chest of female suicide bombers 
 |publisher=[[Daily Mirror]] 
 |date=14 May 2012 
 |access-date=14 May 2012 
 |quote=MI6 chiefs believe doctors have been trained to plant explosives inside the breasts of female suicide bombers. 
 |url-status=live
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514085514/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/doctors-trained-to-plant-explosives-inside-832010
 |archive-date=14 May 2012
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
| url                  = https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/breast-implants-suicide-bomb-threat-2172911
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819100626/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/breast-implants-suicide-bomb-threat-2172911
|archive-date=August 19, 2013
| title                = Breast implants suicide bomb threat: Heathrow on high alert over "credible" intelligence
| publisher            = [[The Daily Mirror]]
| date                =  16 August 2013
| access-date          =  21 August 2013
| quote               =  Security has been beefed up after intelligence al-Qaeda is plotting attacks on airlines flying out of London.
| last                 = Lines
| first                = Andy
}}</ref> The bomber would blow up the implanted explosives by injecting a chemical trigger.<ref name=IBTimes-2012-05-14/>

====Robot====
Robots could also be used to carry explosives. First such documented case was during the aftermath of [[2016 shooting of Dallas police officers]] when a [[bomb disposal robot]] was used to deliver explosives to kill [[Micah Xavier Johnson]], who was hiding in a place inaccessible to [[police sniper]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/08/police-bomb-robot-explosive-killed-suspect-dallas|title=Use of police robot to kill Dallas shooting suspect believed to be first in US history|first=Sam|last=Thielman|date=8 July 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322054909/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/08/police-bomb-robot-explosive-killed-suspect-dallas|archive-date= March 22, 2023}}</ref> As well, drones carrying explosives were used in a suspected [[2018 Caracas drone attack|assassination attempt]] against Venezuelan president [[Nicolás Maduro]] in 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/04/americas/venezuela-maduro/index.html|title=Venezuelan President survives apparent drone assassination attempt|first=Marilia|last=Brocchetto|date=5 August 2018|work=[[CNN]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113210208/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/08/04/americas/venezuela-maduro/index.html|archive-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref>

====Tunnel====
[[ISIS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcbsJtcxvhM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715004120/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcbsJtcxvhM|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2016|title=New tunnel bomb footage from Aleppo|last=Raw Leak|date=4 May 2016|via=YouTube}}</ref>
and [[Al-Nusra]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7y9JNOKNVA| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529185218/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7y9JNOKNVA&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=2019-05-29 | url-status=dead|title=Al Nusra Tunnel Bomb Collapses Syrian Intelligence Building in Aleppo|last=World Conflict Films|date=5 March 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref> have used bombs detonated in [[Tunnel warfare|tunnels dug under targets]].

====Improvised rocket====
{{Main|Lob bomb}}

In 2008, rocket-propelled IEDs, dubbed ''Improvised Rocket Assisted Munitions'', ''Improvised Rocket Assisted Mortars'' and ''(IRAM)'' by the military, came to be employed in numbers against U.S. forces in Iraq. They have been described as [[propane]] tanks packed with explosives and powered by [[Type 63 multiple rocket launcher|107 mm rockets]].<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. Troops in Iraq Face A Powerful New Weapon: Use of Rocket-Propelled Bombs Spreads|first=Ernesto|last=Londoño|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=10 July 2008|page=A01|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/09/AR2008070902396_pf.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905213849/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/09/AR2008070902396_pf.html|archive-date=September 5, 2008}}</ref> They are similar to some Provisional IRA [[barrack buster]] mortars.
New types of IRAMs including Volcano IRAM<ref name="Volcano Rocket Syria">{{cite web|url=http://syriadirect.org/news/a-new-type-of-volcano-rocket-spotted-in-idlib/|title=A new type of Volcano rocket spotted in Idlib|website=Syria Direct|date=4 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113210236/https://syriadirect.org/a-new-type-of-volcano-rocket-spotted-in-idlib/|archive-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref> and Elephant Rockets,<ref name="World Conflict Films">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KxHpuRycU4| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506021922/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KxHpuRycU4| archive-date=2016-05-06 | url-status=dead|title=Syrian Army Elephant Rockets Used Against Rebels|last=World Conflict Films|date=15 May 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/06/syria-douma-elephant-rockets-150617011324100.html|title='Elephant rockets' kill dozens in Damascus suburb|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701175641/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/6/18/elephant-rockets-kill-dozens-in-damascus-suburb|archive-date=July 1, 2022}}</ref> are used during the Syrian Civil War.<ref name="Volcano Rocket Syria"/>

==== Improvised mortar ====
Improvised mortars have been used by many insurgent groups including during the civil war in Syria and [[Boko Haram]] insurgency.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wEEovjWZZk| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529185223/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wEEovjWZZk&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=2019-05-29 | url-status=dead|title=Syria: Innovations for freedom #3 more DIY trebuchets, pipe weapons and vehicles|last=lisa ann|date=4 May 2013|via=YouTube}}</ref> IRA used improvised mortars called [[barrack buster]]s.{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}

Improvised artillery including ''[[hell cannon]]s'' are used by rebel forces during Syrian Civil War.{{according to whom?|date=October 2024}}