Editing Insular cortex (section)

===Homeostasis===
It plays a role in a variety of homeostatic functions related to basic survival needs, such as taste, visceral sensation, and autonomic control. The insula controls autonomic functions through the regulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Oppenheimer SM, Gelb A, Girvin JP, Hachinski VC |title=Cardiovascular effects of human insular cortex stimulation |journal=Neurology |volume=42 |issue=9 |pages=1727–32 |date=September 1992 |pmid=1513461 |doi=10.1212/wnl.42.9.1727|s2cid=32371468 }}</ref><ref name="Critchley">{{cite journal |author=Critchley HD |title=Neural mechanisms of autonomic, affective, and cognitive integration |journal=J. Comp. Neurol. |volume=493 |issue=1 |pages=154–66 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16254997 |doi=10.1002/cne.20749|s2cid=32616395 }}</ref> It has a role in regulating the immune system.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pacheco-López G, Niemi MB, Kou W, Härting M, Fandrey J, Schedlowski M |title=Neural substrates for behaviorally conditioned immunosuppression in the rat |journal=J. Neurosci. |volume=25 |issue=9 |pages=2330–7 |date=March 2005 |pmid=15745959 |pmc=6726099 |doi=10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4230-04.2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ramírez-Amaya V, Alvarez-Borda B, Ormsby CE, Martínez RD, Pérez-Montfort R, Bermúdez-Rattoni F |title=Insular cortex lesions impair the acquisition of conditioned immunosuppression |journal=Brain Behav. Immun. |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=103–14 |date=June 1996 |pmid=8811934 |doi=10.1006/brbi.1996.0011|s2cid=24813018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ramírez-Amaya V, Bermúdez-Rattoni F |title=Conditioned enhancement of antibody production is disrupted by insular cortex and amygdala but not hippocampal lesions |journal=Brain Behav. Immun. |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=46–60 |date=March 1999 |pmid=10371677 |doi=10.1006/brbi.1998.0547 |s2cid=20527835 }}</ref>