Editing Locative case (section)

====Russian====
In the Russian language, the locative case has largely lost its use as an independent case and become the [[prepositional case]], which is used only after a [[preposition]]. The latter is not always used to indicate location, while other cases may also be used to specify location (e.g. the genitive case, as in {{lang|ru|у окна}}, {{Transliteration|ru|u okna}} ("by the window")). Statements such as {{lang|ru|в библиотеке}}, {{Transliteration|ru|v biblioteke}} ("in the library") or {{lang|ru|на Аляске}}, {{Transliteration|ru|na Aljaske}} ("in [[Alaska]]"), demonstrate the use of the prepositional case to indicate location. However, this case is also used after the preposition "о" ("about") as in {{lang|ru|о студенте}}, {{Transliteration|ru|o studente}} ("about the student").

Nevertheless, approximately [[wikt:Category:Russian nouns with locative singular|150 masculine nouns]] retain a distinct form for the locative case, used only after "в" and "на". These forms end in "-у́" or "-ю́": {{lang|ru|лежать в снегу́}}, {{Transliteration|ru|ležať v snegú}} (to lie in the snow), but {{lang|ru|думать о сне́ге}}, {{Transliteration|ru|dumať o snége}} (to think about snow). Other examples are {{lang|ru|рай}}, {{Transliteration|ru|raj}} ([[paradise]]); "в раю́", {{lang|ru|дым}}, {{Transliteration|ru|dym}} (smoke); and {{lang|ru|в дыму́}}, {{Transliteration|ru|v dymú}}. As indicated by the accent marks, the stress is always on the last syllable, which is unlike the dative-case forms with the same spelling. A few feminine nouns that end with the [[soft sign]], such as дверь and пыль, also have a locative form that differs from the prepositional in that the stress shifts to the final syllable: {{lang|ru|на двери́}}, {{Transliteration|ru|na dverí}} ("on the door"), but {{lang|ru|при две́ри}}, {{Transliteration|ru|pri dvéri}} ("by the door"). These distinct feminine forms are sometimes referenced as "second locative" or "new locative", because they developed independently from the true locative case, which existed in Old Russian.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=Dunstan|date=2013|title=Peripheral functions and overdifferentiation: The Russian second locative|url=http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1334/1/fulltext.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=21 August 2015|website=Surrey Morphology Group|publisher=University of Surrey|location=Surrey, UK|archive-date=3 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403154709/http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Peripheral-functions-and-overdifferentiation-The-Russian/99516148302346#file-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://languages.uchicago.edu/casebooks/russian/book/Locative.pdf |title=The Locative Case |access-date=2010-02-09 |archive-date=2010-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610035410/http://languages.uchicago.edu/casebooks/russian/book/Locative.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.aatseel.org/100111/pdf/aatseeloct07nl.pdf Everything you always wanted to know about Russian grammar but were afraid to ask] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504141221/http://www.aatseel.org/100111/pdf/aatseeloct07nl.pdf |date=2010-05-04 }}, AATSEEL Newsletter, October 2007, pp. 7–8.</ref>

With some words, such as {{lang|ru|дом}}, {{Transliteration|ru|dom}} (house), the second locative form is used only in certain idiomatic expressions, while the prepositional is used elsewhere. For example, {{lang|ru|на дому́}}, {{Transliteration|ru|na domu}} ("at the house" or "at home") would be used to describe activity that is performed at home, while {{lang|ru|на до́ме}} ("on the house") would be used to specify the location of the roof.