Editing Matrix of domination (section)

=== Benefits among gender ===

When it comes to workplace benefits such as health insurance coverage, pensions, sick leave, and disability plans, there are gender differences in whether or not these benefits are offered. Women are less likely to be offered pensions, health coverage and disability plans. In fact, high poverty rates among elderly women have been linked to lack of pension coverage. Additionally, many female heads of household remain on welfare because they cannot find jobs with adequate health insurance coverage. When it comes to union contracts, men are also twice as likely to be covered.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.3386/w4265 |title=Gender Gaps in Benefits Coverage |last=Currie |first=Janet |date=January 1993 |journal=NBER Working Paper No. 4265 |doi-access=free }}</ref> This gender gap in benefits coverage may be due to the fact that women tend to have higher medical expenditures than males of the same age. As a result, some of the observed gap in wages between males and females in the United States could be the result of employers compensating for the higher cost of employer-sponsored health insurance. This further perpetuates gender discrimination because it means that firms who offer ESI (Employer Sponsored Insurance) will prefer to hire males. Another effect of women generally having greater healthcare expenses than men is that they are likely to place a higher value on insurance and be more inclined to pass up jobs for insurance-related reasons. This lowers the probability of obtaining jobs that pay higher wages directly and decrease a woman's bargaining power with her current employer. Indeed, health insurance has a larger (negative) effect on the job mobility of women, which they attribute to women's elevated healthcare expenses.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016-01-01|title=Employer-sponsored health insurance and the gender wage gap |journal=Journal of Health Economics|language=en|volume=45|pages=103–114|doi=10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.09.008|pmid=26614691 |issn=0167-6296|last1=Cowan |first1=Benjamin |last2=Schwab |first2=Benjamin }}</ref>