Editing Microfluidics (section)

===DNA chips (microarrays)===

Early biochips were based on the idea of a [[DNA microarray]], e.g., the GeneChip DNAarray from [[Affymetrix]], which is a piece of glass, plastic or silicon substrate, on which pieces of DNA (probes) are affixed in a microscopic array. Similar to a [[DNA microarray]], a [[protein array]] is a miniature array where a multitude of different capture agents, most frequently monoclonal [[antibodies]], are deposited on a chip surface; they are used to determine the presence and/or amount of [[protein]]s in biological samples, e.g., [[blood]]. A drawback of [[DNA]] and [[protein array]]s is that they are neither reconfigurable nor [[scalable]] after manufacture. [[Digital microfluidics]] has been described as a means for carrying out [[Digital PCR]].