Editing Neanderthal extinction (section)

===Inbreeding===
According to a study by Rios et al, kinship patterns among recovered Neanderthal remains suggests that there was inbreeding,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ríos |first1=L |last2=Kivell |first2=R.L |last3=Lalueza-Fox |first3=C |display-authors=etal |date=8 February 2019 |title=Skeletal Anomalies in The Neandertal Family of El Sidrón (Spain) Support A Role of Inbreeding in Neandertal Extinction |journal=Sci Rep |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=1697 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.1697R |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-38571-1 |pmc=6368597 |pmid=30737446}}</ref> such as pairings between half-siblings and/or uncle/aunt and niece/nephew.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Prüfer |first1=K |display-authors=etal |date=5 Oct 2017 |title=A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Vindija Cave in Croatia. |journal=Science |volume=356 |issue=6363 |pages=655–658 |bibcode=2017Sci...358..655P |doi=10.1126/science.aao1887 |pmc=6185897 |pmid=28982794}}</ref> Researchers hypothesize that Neanderthals may have become isolated into small groups during harsh climatic conditions, which contributed to inbreeding behaviours.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vasesen |first1=K |last2=Scherjob |first2=F |last3=Hemerik |first3=L |last4=Verpoorte |first4=A |date=November 27, 2019 |title=Inbreeding, Allee effects and stochasticity might be sufficient to account for Neanderthal extinction |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=14 |issue=11 |pages=e0225117 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1425117V |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0225117 |pmc=6880983 |pmid=31774843 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Due to the lack of genetic diversity, Neanderthal populations would have become more vulnerable to climatic changes, diseases, and other stressors, which may have contributed to their extinction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ríos |first1=L |last2=Kivell |first2=T.L |last3=Lalueza-Fox |first3=C |display-authors=etal |title=Skeletal Anomalies in The Neandertal Family of El Sidrón (Spain) Support A Role of Inbreeding in Neandertal Extinction |journal=Sci Rep |date=8 February 2019 |volume=9 |issue=1697 |page=1697 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-38571-1 |pmid=30737446 |pmc=6368597 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.1697R }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vaesen |first1=Krist |title=Inbreeding, Allee effects and stochasticity might be sufficient to account for Neanderthal extinction |journal=PLOS ONE |date=November 27, 2019 |volume=14 |issue=11 |pages=e0225117 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0225117 |pmid=31774843 |pmc=6880983 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1425117V |doi-access=free }}</ref> A similar model to the inbreeding hypothesis can be seen among endangered lowland gorillas. Their populations are so small that it has caused inbreeding, making them even more vulnerable to extinction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hedrick |first1=Philip W. |last2=Kalinowski |first2=Steven T. |year=2000 |title=Inbreeding Depression in Conservation Biology |journal=Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=139–162 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.139 |jstor=221728|bibcode=2000AnRES..31..139H }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Macdonald |first1=James |date=January 28, 2019 |title=When Endangered Wildlife Gets Inbred |url=https://daily.jstor.org/when-endangered-wildlife-gets-inbred/ |website=JSTOR Daily}}</ref>