Editing Net metering (section)

==Adoption by country==
=== Australia ===
{{main|Feed-in tariffs in Australia}}
In some Australian states, the "feed-in tariff" is actually net metering, except that it pays monthly for net generation at a higher rate than retail, with Environment Victoria Campaigns Director Mark Wakeham calling it a "fake feed-in tariff."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metering.com/node/12433 |title=Solar feed-in tariff meets with mixed reviews |publisher=Metering.com |access-date=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528194314/http://www.metering.com/node/12433 |archive-date=2013-05-28 }}</ref> A feed-in tariff requires a separate meter, and pays for all local generation at a preferential rate, while net metering requires only one meter. The financial differences are very substantial.

In Victoria, from 2009, householders were paid 60 cents for every excess kilowatt hour of energy fed back into the state electricity grid. This was around three times the retail price for electricity at that time. However, subsequent state governments reduced the feed-in in several updates, until in 2016 the feed-in is as low as 5 cents per kilowatt hour.

In Queensland starting in 2008, the Solar Bonus Scheme pays 44 cents for every excess kilowatt hour of energy fed back into the state electricity grid. This is around three times the current retail price for electricity. However, from 2012, the Queensland feed in tariff has been reduced to 6-10 cents per kilowatt hour depending on which electricity retailer the customer has signed up with.

Australian smart grid technologist, Steve Hoy, originated the opposing concept of "True Zero", as opposed to "Net Zero", to express the emerging capability to trace electricity through net metering. The meter allows consumers to trace their electricity to the source, making clean energy more accessible to everyone.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Net zero no more: We are entering the era of honest electricity|url=https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/clean-energy/net-zero-no-more-we-are-about-to-enter-the-era-of-honest-electricity|access-date=2021-10-18|website=Canary Media|date=26 May 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Canada ===
[[Ontario]] allows net metering for systems up to 500&nbsp;kW, however credits can only be carried for 12 consecutive months. Should a consumer establish a credit where they generate more than they consume for 8 months and use up the credits in the 10th month, then the 12-month period begins again from the date that the next credit is shown on an invoice. Any unused credits remaining at the end of 12 consecutive months of a consumer being in a credit situation are cleared at the end of that billing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energy.gov.on.ca/english/pdf/renewable/NetMeteringBrochure.pdf |title=Net Metering in Ontario|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318230718/http://www.energy.gov.on.ca/english/pdf/renewable/NetMeteringBrochure.pdf |archive-date=18 March 2009}}</ref>

Areas of [[British Columbia]] serviced by BC Hydro are allowed net metering for up to 100&nbsp;kW.  At each annual anniversary on March 1 the customer is paid a market price, calculated as daily average mid-Columbia price for a previous year.<ref name="test">{{cite web|url=https://www.bchydro.com/netmetering |title=BC Hydro's Net Metering Program}}</ref>   FortisBC which serves an area in South Central BC also allows net-metering for up to 50&nbsp;kW. Customers are paid their existing retail rate for any net energy they produce.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fortisbc.com/Electricity/CustomerService/NetMeteringProgram/Pages/default.aspx |work=FortisBC |title=Net metering program |access-date=15 April 2013 }}</ref> The City of New Westminster, which has its own electrical utility, also allows net metering.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newwestcity.ca/services/electrical-utility/sb_expander_articles/871.php |title=Electrical Net Metering Program |date=Aug 13, 2018 |access-date=Aug 13, 2018}}</ref>

[[New Brunswick]] allows net metering for installations up to 100&nbsp;kW. Credits from excess generated power can be carried over until March at which time any excess credits are lost.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbpower.com/html/en/save_energy/renewable_projects/net_metering/net_metering.html |title=Net Metering |publisher=Nbpower.com |access-date=2013-12-15}}</ref>

[[SaskPower]] allows net metering for installations up to 100&nbsp;kW. Credits from excess generated power can be carried over until the customer's annual anniversary date, at which time any excess credits are lost.

In Nova Scotia, in 2015, 43 residences and businesses began using solar panels for electricity. By 2017, the number was up to 133. These customers’ solar systems are net metered. The excess power produced by the solar panels is bought back from the homeowner by Nova Scotia Power at the same rate that the utility sells it to its customers. “The downside for [[Nova Scotia Power]] is that it must maintain the capacity to produce electricity even when it is not sunny.”<ref>{{cite web |url=http://thechronicleherald.ca/business/1545779-solar-panel-installation-heating-up-in-nova-scotia |title=Solar panel installation heating up in Nova Scotia |date=2018-02-14 |website=The Chronicle Herald |language=en |access-date=2018-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217024142/http://thechronicleherald.ca/business/1545779-solar-panel-installation-heating-up-in-nova-scotia |archive-date=2018-02-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== European Union ===
Denmark established net-metering for privately owned PV systems in mid-1998 for a pilot-period of four years. In 2002 the net-metering scheme was extended another four years up to end of 2006. Net-metering has proved to be a cheap, easy to administer and effective way of stimulating the deployment of PV in Denmark; however the relative short time window of the arrangement has so far prevented it from reaching its full potential. During the political negotiations in the fall of 2005 the net-metering for privately owned PV systems was made permanent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iea-pvps.org/ar/ar07/07ar_Denmark.pdf |title=Denmark PV Technology Status and Prospects |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908054452/http://www.iea-pvps.org/ar/ar07/07ar_Denmark.pdf |archive-date=8 September 2008}}</ref>

The Netherlands has net-metering since 2004.<ref>[https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/kst-29372-45.html officielebekendmakingen.nl], ''Wijziging van de Elektriciteitswet 1998 en de Gaswet ter uitvoering van richtlijn nr. 2003/54/EG'' (in Dutch)</ref> Initially there was a limit of 3000 kWh per year. Later this limit was increased to 5000 kWh. The limit was removed altogether on January 1, 2014.<ref>[https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/kst-33493-C.html officielebekendmakingen.nl], ''Wijziging van de Elektriciteitswet 1998, de Gaswet en de Warmtewet en de Warmtewet'' (in Dutch)</ref>

Italy offers a support scheme, mixing net-metering and a well segmented premium  [[Feed-in tariff|FiT]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/events/2009/20091120/epia_en.pdf |title=2013 Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics until 2013 |access-date=2013-12-15}}</ref>

Slovenia has annual net-metering since January 2016 for up to 11 kVA. In a calendar year up to 10 MVA can be installed in the country.<ref>[http://www.uradni-list.si/1/objava.jsp?sop=2015-01-3804 uradni-list.si], ''Uredba o samooskrbi z električno energijo iz obnovljivih virov energije'' (in Slovene)</ref>

In 2010, [[Renewable energy in Spain|Spain, net-metering]] has been proposed by the ''Asociación de la Industria Fotovoltaica'' (ASIF) to promote [[renewable electricity]], without requiring additional economic support.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epia.org/policy/national-policies/spain/interview-with-the-national-pv-associations/interview-with-javier-anta-president-of-asif.html |title=Country Focus: Spain |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100225153308/http://www.epia.org/policy/national-policies/spain/interview-with-the-national-pv-associations/interview-with-javier-anta-president-of-asif.html |archive-date=25 February 2010}}</ref> Net-metering for privately owned systems will be established in 2019, after Royal Decree 244/2019<ref>[https://boe.es/boe/dias/2019/04/06/pdfs/BOE-A-2019-5089.pdf boe.es] ''Boletín Oficial del estado''</ref> was accepted by the government on April 5.<ref>[https://www.eldiario.es/ballenablanca/transicion_energetica/Guia-nuevas-autoconsumo-ahorrar-solares_0_885411703.html eldiario.es]; ''Guía de las nuevas reglas de autoconsumo: cómo ahorrar con unas placas solares en casa''</ref>

Some form of net metering is now proposed by ''[[Électricité de France]]''. According to their website, energy produced by home-owners is bought at a higher price than what is charged as consumers. Hence, some recommend to sell all energy produced, and buy back all energy needed at a lower price. The price has been fixed for 20 years by the government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bleuciel.edf.com/projets-et-travaux/je-passe-aux-energies-renouvelables/decouvrir-4-solutions-48030.html#open4 |title=Je passe aux énergies renouvelables |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421210127/http://bleuciel.edf.com/projets-et-travaux/je-passe-aux-energies-renouvelables/decouvrir-4-solutions-48030.html#open4 |archive-date=2012-04-21 |lang=fr |work=bleuciel.edf.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=bati-depot.fr |url=http://www.bati-depot.fr/solaire/photovoltaique/electricite-solaire/photovoltaique-connexion-reseau.html |title=Devenez producteur d'électricité |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208220615/http://www.bati-depot.fr/solaire/photovoltaique/electricite-solaire/photovoltaique-connexion-reseau.html |archive-date=8 February 2007 |language=French }}</ref>

Ireland is planning to implement a net metering system, under the "Micro-generation Support Scheme".

Under the proposed scheme, micro-generators can sell 30% of the excess electricity they produce and export it back to the grid. The price that electricity will be sold at is being formulated during the consultation process.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCormack|first=Cian|date=2021-02-04|title=Scheme to sell electricity expected by summer|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/environment/2021/0204/1194990-electric-grid/ |work=rte.ie |language=en}}</ref>

[[Poland]] has introduced net metering for private and commercial renewable energy sources of up to 50&nbsp;kW in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=wdu20150000478|title = Ustawa z dnia 20 lutego 2015 r. O odnawialnych źródłach energii}}</ref> Under this legislation energy sent to grid must be used within one year from feed-in, otherwise it is considered as lost. The amount of energy that was exported and can be taken back by the user is subtracted by 20% for installations up to 10&nbsp;kW, or by 30% for installations up to 50&nbsp;kW. This legislation guarantees that this net metering policy will be kept for a minimum of 15 years from the moment of registering renewable energy source. This legislation together with government subsidies for microgeneration created a substantial boost in installations of [[Solar power in Poland|PV systems in Poland]].

Portugal has a very limited form of "net-metering" that is constrained to 15 minute periods where the excess injected in the grid is not compensated when above the consumption from the grid within each 15 minute period. Only the injected energy up to the consumed energy within the same 15 minute period is netted out of the final monthly bill. In fact the old analog electricity meters that would allow for true net-metering are immediately replaced when a consumer installs solar pv.

=== India ===
Almost every state in India has implemented net-metering,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bijlibachao.com/using-renewables/net-metering-policy-for-roof-top-pvs-in-various-states-in-india.html|title=Net Metering policy for roof top PVs in various states in India|date=2014-01-16|website=Bijli Bachao|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref> wherein, the consumers are allowed to sell the surplus energy generated by their solar system to the grid and get compensated for the same. However, the net-metering policy is not common throughout the country and varies from state to state.

To avail of net-metering in the country, the consumer is required to submit an application with the local electricity distribution company along with the planned rooftop solar project and requisite fee. The distribution company reviews the application and the feasibility of the solar project, which is either approved or rejected. If approved, another application for registration of the rooftop is submitted to the distribution company. An agreement is signed between the consumer and the company, and the net-meter is installed.

The Indian states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh have started the implementation of net metering, and the policy was announced by the respective state electricity boards in 2014. After review and inspection by the electricity board, a bidirectional meter is installed. Applications are taken up for up to 30% of the distribution transformer capacity on a first-come, first-served basis and technical feasibility.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Tamilnadu TNERC |url=http://vinova.in/Solar-NetMetering.pdf |title=Net Metering India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210111155/http://vinova.in/Solar-NetMetering.pdf |archive-date=2015-02-10 }}</ref>

Since September 2015, Maharashtra state (MERC) has also had a net metering policy and consumers have started installation of Solar Rooftop Grid Tie Net metering systems. MERC Policy allows up to 40% transformer capacity to be on Solar net metering.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mahadiscom.in/|title=:: Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited :: – MahaVitaran}}</ref>

The various DISCOMs in Maharashtra namely MSEDCL, Tata, Reliance and Torrent Power are expected to support net metering.

As of now MSEDCL does not use the TOD (Time of The Day differential) charging tariffs for residential consumers and net metering. Export and import units are considered at par for calculating Net Units and bill amount.

=== United States ===
{{excerpt|Net metering in the United States}}